The Relationship Between Machiavelli And Machiavelli On...

Comparison between Locke and Machiavelli on relationship between rulers and subjects The sixteenth and seventeenth were the most important centuries for Europe. During this period, Europe saw rise of Scientific Revolution, skepticism and secularization. This era brought profound changes in the political realm of Europe. It was during this period strong centralized states entered world competition for wealth and power, accelerating the pace of world domination. Many major European powers colonized different parts of the world but struggled to maintain and extend it. During this period, many countries rose to power such as England. The rise of trade and industry made England prosperous. It was during this era England began their world domination by conquering large parts of Asia, America and Europe. While many countries rose to power, others were dwindling such as Italy, leading to division of the country. Italy was torn apart by invasions by France and Spain. Instead of uniting against foreign invaders, Italy split into two factions supporting either France or Spain. Consequently, this era also saw the rise of great philosophers and well-versed men such as Niccolo Machiavelli and John Locke. Though criticized, their influence can be seen even today after centuries of their noted works. Machiavelli and Locke shared many thoughts, but they views were different on idea of government. While Machiavelli suggested an Authoritarian government for success of the state, LockeShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud And Machiavellis Role Of Religion And Society1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world, the number of religions possibly reaches the thousands due to various sects and circumstances. When analyzing religion, each example has different origins, but a general understanding of religion is necessary, and an interesting relationship between religion and society will appear. While one cannot define every known religion in a concise, comprehensive manner, Merriam-Webster defines religion as â€Å"a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, be liefs, and practicesRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1699 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s harsh portrayal of the interlaced relationship between power and politics in his treatise, The Prince. Machiavelli begins his work by contending that it is â€Å"more effective† to reveal the â€Å"practical truth of a subject† rather than â€Å"depend on [his] fancies for it†(Machiavelli 2524). His rejection of idealism and focus on realism impels him to claim that a ruler has to be acquainted with and effectively use both virtue and vice to wield power over his subjects. However, Machiavelli’s philosophicalRead MoreNicolas Maduros Machiavellian Struggle1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe battle zone has become further entrenched between the protesters and the government in the Capitol of Venezuela, Caracas. With 13 dead and 150 injured tension between Nicolà ¡s Maduro and his people is at an all time high (Glusing). In the post Hugo Chavez world not only has Maduro failed to inspire the confidence of his people, but his inability to deal with rising economic woes has only worsened his relationship with his people. Machiavelli in his works The Prince and The Discourses, deals withRead MoreDiffering Veiws of Liberty and Freedom from Machiavelli and Hobbes1828 Words   |  7 PagesLiberty and freedom are central topics that both Machiavelli and Hobbes touch upon as authors of their individual works. While both authors feel that the idea of liberty and freedom is directly tied to politics, rulers and government, the way they associate these ideas with each other is very different. Machiavelli has several different definitions of liberty. Ultimately however, he believes that liberty is a right that the public obtains and that the republic is a state of government in which changeRead MoreEssay about The Prince1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli provides an analysis on how to govern and maintain power in a principality. In the first five chapters, he defines the three ways a monarch can acquire his dominion: either he inherits it, whether he creates a new one, or annexes territories, and further discusses how to govern them. Machiavelli states that hereditary principalities are less problematic than the mixed ones since newly acquired dominion tend to be more rebellious. The ruler must therefore colonizeRead More The prince Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthe necessary tactics and required knowledge a ruler must attain in order to gain and maintain a successful reign. The novel serves as an abstract manual, addressing the definition of a good/bad ruler by placing emphasis on the required military organization, the character a ruler must posses, and the success that could be attained if a ruler should follow the guide. The scope in which the book is written is that of a scholarly observant. Machiavelli places his findings and observations of historyRead MorePolitical Action and Mora lity in Machiavellian Times1232 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosopher of his age, Niccolà ² Machiavelli. The Florentine politician, known most famously for his work, The Prince, discusses, among other things, the relationship between morality and political action. However, unlike the vast majority of his European predecessors, who often argued that political power should be in the hands of the morally virtuous ruler, Machiavelli produces a contrary argument, in which morality plays no role in judging the difference between legitimate and illegitimate usesRead MoreThe Machiavellian Struggle in Spain and England during the Reformation881 Words   |  3 Pagesvery powerful rulers who helped determine the fate of their nations. Phillip II of Spain was born into a very powerful family of extremely Machiavellian heritage. He had control of the Netherlands, Spain, parts of the North and South Americas, and parts of Asia and Brazil. He was also extremely Catholic and loyal to the Catholic C hurch. Queen Elizabeth I of England inherited a small country divided between Lutherans and Catholics, but she would turn out to be one of the greatest rulers of EnglandRead MoreMachiavelli and Rousseaus Views on Human Nature and Government546 Words   |  3 PagesMachiavelli and Rousseau, both significant philosophers, had distinctive views on human nature and the relationship between the government and the governed. Their ideas were radical at the time and remain influential in government today. Their views on human nature and government had some common points and some ideas that differed. Machiavelli’s views were drastically different from other humanists at his time. He strongly promoted a secular society and felt morality was not necessaryRead MoreMachiavelli’s Political Ideas and Influence1477 Words   |  6 Pagesrealism. Political realism is when a ruler accomplishes goals in the interest of state and does not mind resorting to violence if necessary. A major author and political figure from the Renaissance who embodied political realism was Niccolo Machiavelli. Machiavelli was a Florentine born in 1469 and lived during the crux of the Renaissance. Before his career as an author Machiavelli was a Florentine ambassador in France and The Holy Roman Empire. Machiavelli studied Renaissance humanism and political

Stuart Mill and John Locke Conception of Freedom Essay

Introduction John Locke (1632-1704) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) are two important thinkers of liberty in modern political thought. They have revolutionized the idea of human freedom at their time and have influenced many political thinkers afterwards. Although their important book on human freedom, John Locke’s The Second Treatise of Government (1689) and John Mill’s On Liberty (1859), are separated 170 years, some scholars thinks that they are belonging to the same conceptual tradition, English Liberalism. In this essay, I will elaborate John Locke and John Stuart Mill view on human freedom and try to find the difference between their concept of human freedom despite their similar liberal tradition background. Historical Context†¦show more content†¦Locke critisized this unequal distribution of possesions and ownership. He briefly summarizes this view by saying that: â€Å"...how any one should ever come to have a property in anything: I will not content myself to answer, that if it be difficult to make out property, upon a supposition that God gave the world to Adam, and his posterity in common, it is impossible that any man, but one universal monarch, should have any property upon a supposition, that God gave the world to Adam, and his heirs in succession, exclusive of all the rest of his posterity.† If people other than the feudal lords were capable of owning the land they worked, the Aristocracy would lose it means of control. Locke stated that â€Å"whatsoever then he removes out of the state that nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby make it his property.† The peasant deserve the land of his labor. Working a field is what made the field owned, not some privilege from Scripture. Mill lived from 1806 to 1873, the period of drastic social change and industrial revolution in England. Britain’s society mostly live in a town because of the industrialization. People are moving from the rural area to the big city. Social condition in Mill’s era was different from Locke’s era, because at Mill’s time the Aristocracy began to fall. At that time, England experienced big change because the traditional Aristocracy that ownShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And John Stuart Mill s On Liberty Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical philosophers over time have developed their own conceptions of liberty and the relationship of individuals to not only society, but also the state. Political philosophers such as, Aristotle and Plato have more of an ancient conception of liberty and the role the individual plays in society and to the state. Whereas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill have developed a more modernized conception of liberty and the role of the individual to the state and society. Plato’s workRead MoreJohn Locke And John Stuart Mill s On Liberty Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical Philosophers over time have developed their own conceptions of liberty and the relationship of individuals to not only society, but also the state. Political Philosophers such as, Aristotle and Plato have more of an ancient conception of liberty and the role the individual plays in society and to the state. Whereas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill have developed a more modernized conception of liberty and the role of the individual to the state and society. Plato’s workRead MoreLocke vs Mill1618 Words   |  7 PagesLiberty and Freedom for as long as we can remember. Liberty and freedom has been a topic which has been debated for many decades. What does it mean to be free , and how far can we go to strive for freedom. These important questions have been answered and studied by two of the greatest English philosophers, John Locke and John Stuart Mill. Locke and Mill men will attempt to uncover the mysteries of Liberty and Freedom and unveil the importance of being free. This essay will look at John Locke’s principleRead MoreMoral Theories Of Human Rights1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthem being born human. Freedom, liberty, equality and independence are all important human rights represented in the philosophy of human rights. Key words Understand, Philosophy, Human rights, Reality, Moral theories Introduction The philosophy of human rights was coined by the philosophies of Emmanuel Kant, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill. These authors advocated for human rights in their philosophies. They brought in the aspect of political freedom, inequality and libertyRead MoreTo What Extent Does Modern Liberalism Depart from Classical Liberalism1624 Words   |  7 Pagesliberalisms by analysing approaches to the size of the state, democracy and the concept of freedom and aims to justify the argument that modern liberalism departs considerably from classical liberalism. Modern liberalism departs from the ideas of classical liberalism with regards to the concept of freedom, although the extent of difference is limited. Isiah Berlin first discussed the concept of freedom in an essay published in 1958. Berlin proposed two concepts of liberty; positive, which is supportedRead More2.1 The Birth Of Free Speech . It Is Difficult To Pinpoint1267 Words   |  6 Pagestime of ancient Greeks, freedom of speech has always been an indispensable condition of what it means to be a free person. The first known martyr to the principle of free speech was Socrates. In 399BC before his jury to city state of Athens he was tried for corruption the morals of Greek youth and he said that he would rather be convicted than suffer restrictions on his free speech. Free speech became more developed during the Enlightenment period by scholars such as John Locke, Baruch Spinoza, PierreRead MoreLiberal Ideas Of Equality And The Right Of Law1591 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal l iberty, equality and rule of law and property and the free market principle, drawing heavily from work by John Locke. Next, Locke’s work will be discussed to show how the development of liberal ideals from Thomas Hobbes. Lastly, substantive equality will be contrasted to explain how upper class interests are expressed and favoured in classical liberal thought. John Locke (cited in Ten 1986, p. 95) explained in Essays on the Law of Nature that while both humans and animals are creationsRead MoreWhat Have Theorists Meant by Liberty? Essay example1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent definitions, from people like Machiavelli to more modern theorists like Mill. It is the fundamental value that allows people to make decisions for themselves in civilised society. Without liberty, people would live in a situation where every last detail of their lives is dictated to them by government or society. We would be devoid of having the right to make choices and decisions for ourselves. Freedom is a fundamental value in all societies, so great that the framers of the `DeclarationRead MoreConcept of Freedom in Political Theory1679 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is the concept of freedom so contested in political theory? (Word maximum: 1,500) Freedom is an important concept in Western politics, strongly entwined as it is with ideas of liberalism. Yet, as suggested by the question, the concept is one which is hotly debated. Indeed, political agents attempt to control the political agenda through promotion of their particular definition. This essay will look at the ways freedom has been defined by different theorists over the years. It will alsoRead MoreEssay on Government, Justice, and Human Rights3129 Words   |  13 Pagesexplores the relationship between justice and government, examining views on the subject expressed by traditional political philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke, as well as those expressed by contemporary political theorists such as John Rawls and Robert Nozick. According to Rawls, justice is one of the fundamental concerns of a governing body; Locke and Rousseau agree that government and justice are essentially connected. Nozick and Max Weber, however, claim that the essential characteristic of go vernment

Misery Essay - 1023 Words

Misery STORYMAP 1. Sidewinder Colorado- Paul Sheldon, a novelist that has been writing a series about a character named Misery Chastain. Got in a car wreck on the icy streets in sidewinder. He got in the accident from being drunk because of the celebration he had after completing the series. Paul shatters both of his legs, dislocates his pelvis and crushes one of his knees. There he rolls off the side of the road and is knocked un-conscious. This is very important to the character because this makes him very vulnerable to his â€Å"number one fan† Anne Wilkes who holds him in her house and won’t let him go. The event starts the conflict of the story. 2. Farmhouse- In the secluded, snowy forest Paul Sheldon wakes up in a†¦show more content†¦4. Paul’s bed- Paul cannot move his legs or waist with ought feeling excruciating pain. So he has to lay in the bad for about three or four months before he can actually try to escape. This is a very important place because if he did not stay in bed so long to heal, then he couldn’t have time to think of his escape. Also Paul wouldn’t be able to leave the house with all of his injuries. 5. The attempt for an escape- this is one of the best parts of the story because this is where Paul tries to leave the house for the first time. When Anne leaves to go shopping in town about four miles away Paul tries to make a crawl for the exit. His legs aren’t healed yet but they are okay enough for him to drag them with ought feeling a lot of pain. First he slides out of the bed onto the floor. Next he slides himself to the edge of the stairs and crawls down to the first floor of this two-story house. Once he makes it to the kitchen door to escape, Anne is pulling up in the driveway. In panic he crawls back up stairs and into his bed. This is important because it brings us to the next painful event in Paul’s life. 6. Bone crunching- When Anne gets inside, she walks up to see how Paul is doing. But there is a penguin statue that he bumped into on his way upstairs and turned it so it faced south. Anne remembered that it faced north and she knew Paul had tried to leave. Once Anne got in the room she saw that Paul was panting andShow MoreRelatedBound to the Barriers of Fatal Fascination - Misery by Stephen King719 Words   |  3 Pagesutter and blatant madness, and eventually becomes the destruction of themselves and others. In the novel Misery by Stephen King, the mental instability of Annie Wilkes and the imprisonment of Paul Sheldon shows how obsession can lead to the destruction of others. Paul Sheldon was an author famous for his many books about an 18th century woman named Misery Chastain. The last book of the Misery novels concluded in Paul’s celebratory drinking because he was finally free from writing about the same characterRead MoreThe, Misery, By Richard Farnsworth As Buster, And Frances Sternhagen As A Major Car Wreck1388 Words   |  6 Pageskidnapped by your number one fan. Starring Kathy Bates as Annie Wilkes, James Caan as Paul Sheldon, Richard Farnsworth as Buster, and Frances Sternhagen as Virginia, Misery is a psychological thriller produced and directed by Rob Reiner. In this 1990 psychological thriller film you will experience thrill, action, suspense, despair and misery, all powered by composer Marc Shaiman and his use of music to set the mood for the audience. Films and movies are a composition of elements that make that essentiallyRead MoreStephen King s Personal Experience2142 Words   |  9 Pagesmom in Hearts, she told King that he can’t go to Vietnam. He can’t write if he’s dead (On Writing, 58). King uses his battles with alcoholism and drug abuse to develop the characters Jack Torrance and Paul Sheldon (both writers) in The Shining and Misery. Jack is trying to finish his writing at the Outlook and struggles to keep from drinking. It’s been a year since he was fired in New Hampshire, months before he would have attained tenure. He keeps asking himself how things had gotten so wrong. HeRead MoreA Life Of Misery Becomes Misery As Literature1859 Words   |  8 Pages A Life of Misery Becomes Misery as Literature: The Influence of Edgar Allan Poe Stefan de la Cotera Ms. Lee; Cubby E12 AP American Lit. Lang. Period 8 April 2015 A Life of Misery becomes Misery as Literature: The Influence of Edgar Allan Poe Dark, haunting, and eerie novels don’t sound like the staple for a famous American Novelist, but Edgar Allan Poe helped change American literature as it is by centering his novels, short stories, and poems around these points. Edgar AllanRead MoreAnalysis Of Man Made Misery747 Words   |  3 Pagesforever with this person, nobody can tear you guys apart, right? Time can tear you guys apart. â€Å"Man-Made Misery† argued that you couldn’t find happiness after a break up, I disagree with this because even though you may never feel like you can love again after that person, you will become stronger and be able to hold up the weigh tin your heart. It might feel like you In the essay â€Å"Man Made Misery† Thomas writes about how he thinks he may never find happiness with anybody else other than his ex-girlfriendRead MoreAnalysis Of Anton Chekhov s Misery906 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If Iona’s heart were to burst and his misery to flow out, it would flood the whole world† (Chekhov). Misery isn’t something that a person is born with, neither is it something that develops out of the ordinary. Instead, misery is established through past life experiences. It is the product of grief, suffering, loneliness, frustration, or even hopelessness. These causes are fundamental elements in Anton Chekhov’s short story, â€Å"Misery.† In â€Å"Misery,† Chekhov illustrates grief, man’s inhumanity to manRead MoreEssay about The Misery of Wealth619 Words   |  3 Pageswe were constantly enjoying ourselves, and a skeleton truth that we never did † (Dickens 291). Many people believe that having money auto matically gives happiness. However, reality has proven that money only ever allows people to choose a form of misery. Flawlessly, Dickens creates a novel that utterly captures this theme. Great Expectations expresses the theme â€Å"money does not bring happiness†; Dickens perfectly demonstrates this idea through the eccentric Miss Havisham and the self-centered Mr.Read MoreFrank Mccourt and the Value of Misery1061 Words   |  5 Pageshim down. Frank chose happiness over morality and became happy and free. Moreover, in the end, he proved not only to be a success but ultimately more moral than anyone or anything else described in the book. All of his misery was valuable to him because it is the misery that made him want to make his own way of life. Indeed, if he had a better life growing up, he would not have desired to change his system of living. He decided to follow what made him feel good because surely the life he wasRead MoreEssay on The Underground Mans Desire for Misery944 Words   |  4 PagesIf he were to find himself in the position of Joseph K. in Kafkas The Trial, he would likely be contentedly miserable. He would not be happy as such, but the misery would feel familiarly comfortable to him. The Underground Man would respond to the corrupt trial by finding it as an outlet for him to exercise his self-loathing misery that he feels is the ideal state for all conscious and educated men. In chapter VIII of Underground the Underground Man asks of his imaginary audience, WhoRead MoreShort Story - Life Of Misery-1005 Words   |  5 Pages - Life of Misery- â€Å"Mary! Hurry up!† my mom yelled to me from the car. I did not want to leave, I did not want to leave my former house. I hated my mom at that time, well I hated her since she let my father killed my little sister Carrie, and when she abandoned me, I hated her even more, and then five years later she sent her new husband to the orphanage begging for me to have mercy on her, I will never forgive her. My father Sylar killed my little sister Carrie because he was

Risk Management Business Workplace

Question: Describe about thr Risk Management in Business Workplace. Answer: Insert Date Dear Penny Binskin, I wanted to express my concern about certain risks prevailing within the workplace, which I mentioned in my last mail, i.e., relating to banking, travel, by-law compliance and human resources. The possibilities of such risks have been determined after meeting with the supervisor and landlord of the store. These possible risks somehow can be eradicated with the adaptation of certain measures and controlling mechanisms. For instance, the organisations inadequate controlling mechanism of keeping the bank deposits, cash and sales record, causes the risk related to banking. The organisation currently has lack of proper regime for keeping the bank records and $4,000 are kept overnight in the store. Lack of securities in the store premises increases the possibility of break-ins. Another risk, which I also discussed in my last mail, is related to travel risk, as the travel time between central bakery and store location is of two hours. I also want to raise the concern over the issue of by-law compliance risk, as policies and procedures of the company have not been documented in written form. Another risk is related with human resources, as employees lack understanding of the use of various equipments effectively. The detailed summary of risk, possibility of its occurrence, probable consequences and plan of treatment initiatives have been discussed in a lucid manner. However, proper justifications regarding adaptation of measures are also presented to raise concern about the matter and seek suggestions about further proceedings on the issues. Kindly let us inform, if necessitated additional information regarding the matter. Yours Sincerely, Your Name Assistant Manager Risk Management Plan Risk (provide a description of the risk) Risk Likelihood Consequence Rating Treatment Plan Risk priority (14) Rationale behind the effectives and feasibility for the organisation Travel Risk The travelling time between location of the store and the central bakery is of two hours. Such a long journey travelling made it difficult to reach within time from Red Hill to Perth. The pastries are prepared during the morning hours in the central bakery and delivery could only be possible in the afternoon period. Moreover, high rush and traffic congestion further increases the problem. The concern also rises about receiving company-branded supplies within the time. Problem related to large distance travelling also made it difficult in retain the customers expectation and in the long run, this can be a major issue for the business. The risk related to uncertain accidents also rise due to narrow steep and long distance travelling, as manager every week visit the factory for meeting and it last until evening. High: The likelihood of travel risk is high because of frequent requirements of raw materials are required in stores. Moreover, the risk related to delay in supplies are also high because during afternoon there were high rush and congestion in the roads. The possible consequences of travel risk are as follows: 1. Delay in supply to customers with uncertain delay in receiving pastries 2. Possibility of delay in the organisational operations resulting to slow supply chain process 3. Probable accidental issues for the manager travelling in peak hours from the central bakery after meeting 4. Uneven delay in deliverance of pastries could further evolve issue related to hygiene factor and resulted interruption in manufacturing process (The University of Tennessee, 2014; Kroese, 2010) To mitigate this risk, the possible mechanism should include renting the central bakery plant into nearby location of the store. The work in the weekly meeting and formality of refreshment must be completed earlier so that the managers do not need to travel during rush hours. Besides, discussion based on teleconferencing can be the alternative mechanism of meeting. 2 Establishing central plant in nearby location will enable saving travelling time required for procuring the raw materials and improves delivery time. Additionally, reducing meeting time will lower the possibility of accident and injury, which is probably higher while travelling during the peak hours in steep narrow roads (Fawcett, Magnan McCarter, 2008). Banking Risk The financial measures in store are inappropriate and possibly result to fraud and financial misappropriations. The store does not have adequate policy regime for keeping bank deposits, payment receive and paid in cash, withdrawing of cash and sales record. Risk related to robbery also exists, as around $4,000 is stored in stores cash counter overnight. The daily transaction registers and reports are not updated regularly. The store does not have adequate safe measure in its premises, which increase the possibility of break-ins and theft of cash. Thus, it lowers the income and financial gaining of the company and increase risk related to improper financial management. Moderate: The banking risk is moderate for the company. The likelihood of risk is moderate because the cases of robbery and thefts are very much uncertain and can arise anytime. Additionally, in accordance to the current security measures in the store, the possibility of break-ins is estimated at 50%. The consequences of evolving banking risks are very much severe and are presented below: 1. Robbery in store will result to financial losses and will hamper the sustainability of business operations 2. Not keeping the regular update of register by the authority will create difficulty in monitoring the financial performances of business 3. The events related to break-ins will possibly result to physical injury and personal harm to the staff members 4. The staff members of the store develop insecurity feeling about their wellbeing in working environment The banking risk can be resolved with the initiative of opening bank account of the store rather than keeping cash. The practice of keeping regular record of cash transaction should be made compulsory. To make the responsible staff committed towards keeping the records updating, training initiative can be an effective measure (Jones, 2007). 3 To evaluate the likelihood, consequence and priority of banking risk, the situational practice following in the store during the last 2 weeks have been monitored. The measure of opening a bank account will allow insuring the cash of the store and lower the risk and possibility of theft in the store at any point of instance. Moreover, keeping frequent record of daily cash facilitates determining financial strength of the business and possibility of manipulation of funds (Jones, 2007). By-Law Compliance Risk Considering the fact that the store is a family-run store, there is high possibility of developing by-law compliance risk, as family members are employed as staff. Responsible person govern some of the jobroles, such as James is responsible for monitoring and controlling the store operations, while Stirling has the authority to monitor wages policies. However, few activities are conducted in informal manner such as any of the staff members is authorized for making a delivery. This raises fault compliances, if the staff member makes wrong deliveries and does not ensure appropriate care of the responsible job role. Senior authority has also raised the concern that policy measures of the company are verbally informed to staff. Moreover, it does not involve any written documentation. Not having written governing policy measures evolve risk related to high wastage of water in the internal operations that increase unnecessary cost and tax. The likelihood of facing such risk ranges from moderate to high, as the lack of proper formal guided principal create absence of coordination and evolve uncertain working environment. Apparently, the likelihood of the risk depends on the commitment of the employees in their job role and organisational benefits. The consequences of by-law compliance risk are outlined hereunder: 1. Fault in delivery process of the products will hinder the business operations and customers perception 2. Charge of high tax can also be levied by the authorities due to not ensuring conduct of business operations in a sustainable manner 3. High wastage of water can raise issue related to high cost and expenses 4. Customers would loss preference over products offered by the company due to the low commitment of the business over environmental aspects (EPA, 2012; MWRA, 2008) To deal with by-law compliance risk, a guided policy and procedure of performing the organisational operations in sustainable manner should be prepared. A trainer needs to be hired to raise the skills and understanding of the staff members to operate effectively and perform operations with appropriate use of water (Markos Sridevi, 2010). 4 The likelihood, consequence and priority of by-law compliance risk have been determined with growing internal costs and taxable expenses in the recent periods within the organisation. The formulation of written guide policy can be an effective treatment initiative against the identified risk, because it inclines employees to remain committed towards the organisational benefits and lowering the overall costs from their operations (Bertels, Papania Papania, 2010). Human Resources Risk Human resources risk is another possible risk in the organisation, as there is no governing approach to eradicate the occupational hazards or injuries, which might arise in workplace. The personal and confidential data of the staff members in the computer are not been kept in a secured manner. Moreover, certain employees lack understanding about working in appropriate manner in their designated work position. The employees lack understanding about calculation of wage and superannuation. Issue associated to fit-out and improper management of organisational resources are other problems related to human resource. In terms of likelihood, surfacing of such risk is high, as the lack of knowhow of the employees is likely to be uncertain. Moreover, operations in caf include frequent use of computers and other electronic equipments, which make it highly venerable of facing such problem. The adverse consequences of human resources risk include: 1. Disclose of important information about the organisation to third party 2. Manipulation and misrepresentation of confidential information 3. Employees can face occupational hazards or injuries in their work 4. Low motivation and lack of satisfaction among the employees (Pay Benefits, 2016; Ministry of Ethics, 2014; Cole, 2012) The planned measure to lower human resources risk can be possible with the appointment of expertise trainer, who will be responsible for evaluating the technical lags in the organisation and raising the skills and understanding of the staff members about the mode of protecting confidential information. In addition, plan should also include replacement of the old office equipments (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). 1 In frequent occasions, the responsible staff members of the Caf raise concern about the loss of certain information. Discussion of the issue in detailed manner will help in ascertaining likelihood, consequence and priority of such risk. Training by a hired expert is likely to be an effective mechanism, as measure facilitates developing knowledge to evade loss of confidential information and ensure proper management of internal database in the organisation. The training initiative allows developing critical understanding about job requirement and enhances satisfaction (Khan, Khan Khan, 2011). Risk Action Plan Risk Tasks to Complete Timeline Person Responsible Travel Risk The following tasks should be completed to lower the travel risk: 1. Conduct a market analysis of the place nearby the store to purchase or hire property for the central bakery plant 2. Cost-benefit analysis of the properties suitable for central bakery plant 3. Use of telecommunication approach for communicating and avoid frequent visiting of manager to central bakery plant 4. Reduce overtime duration of meeting and refreshment time for the managers, if they have to visit central bakery plant 5. Shift in time of the employees working in central bakery plant and ensure pastries are ready for delivery before high road congestion period 6. Until finalisation and completion of new central bakery plant in nearby place, excessive meeting and need of travelling should be minimised to maximum possible extent to avoid possibility of accident July to October 2016 Ron Langley (Landlord and Counsellor), Board of Directors and Senior Management Team with consultation from Chief Executive Officer Banking Risk To evade banking related risk, the tasks that are needed to be completed include: 1. Consultation with the financial advisor of the company to discuss the issue 2. Opening business account with nearby bank based on the suitability of services 3. Direct the accountant department employees about keeping the records of financial transactions and cash operations in regular basis 4. Developing practice of depositing overnight cash in the bank accounts before the closing of store 5. The senior management of the company need to ask for the regular update of the financial transaction related to the store for evaluation at regular instance to avoid false representation of financial transactions 6. Consult with bank executives to develop real time money transfer solution related to customer payments directly into the bank accounts of the business, which will lower the requirement of keeping excessive liquid cash in store (Segovia, Szczepaniak Niedzwiedzinski, 2013) August to September 2016 Senior Management Team, Board of Directors and Caf Employees responsible for accounting transactions By-Law Compliance Risk The tasks involve in mitigating by-law compliance risk are as follows: 1. Review the measures adopted by the competitors in the market to ensure sustainably of their operations 2. Prepare policy document and Code of Conducts for the employees and evaluate its effectiveness 3. Documentation of Code of Conducts in written forms and communicate to every employees regarding its compliance 4. The written code needs to review its applicability that helps to ensure forming common value and employees perform their operations within the organisational boundary 5. Trainer need to be hired to enrich employees understanding and adopt mechanism of harvesting the rainwater into courtyard to ensure effective utilisation of water 6. The staff members must be guided regarding effective use of dishwashers and water consumption used for cleaning fruits and vegetables 7. Adaptation of quality flushing system in the restrooms and other places within the office premises to avoid excessive water usage and lower the overall cost (Wiggins, 2010) July to August 2016 All the higher and lower authority of employees involved with the company Human Resources Risk To ensure mitigation of human resource risk, the tasks need to conducted: 1. Appoint qualified expertise technical staff 2. Arrangement of training session for the employees, wherein they learn about the technical knowhow of keeping secured personal and official data and information 3. Evaluate the effectiveness and learning outcome of the training module and communicate it to the employees to underwent with training process 4. Repair the current fit-out and old equipments of stores 5. Developing proper reporting mechanism of preventing the occupational hazards behaviour by appointing a sole communicating agent in the store responsible for evaluating the problems 6. Motivate the employees to adopt and implement that they have learnt during the training sessions by communicating advantages and benefits of the change practice 7. Monitoring the actions of the employees frequently after training initiative by the senior manager to evaluate if the risk is prevailing in the working environment (Niazi, 2011) July to August 2016 Senior Management Team and Caf Employees References Bertels, S, Paranoia, L Papania, D 2010, Embedding sustainability in organizational culture:A systematic review of the body of knowledge, Simon Fraser University, pp. 8-67. Cole, M A 2012, Disclosing confidential information, Minnesota Office of Lawyers Professional Responsibility, pp. 1-4. EPA 2012, Saving water in restaurants, Water Sense, viewed 07 July 2016, https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/docs/factsheets/restaurants_fact_sheet_508.pdf. Fawcett, S E, Magnan, G M McCarter, M W 2008, Benefits, barriers, and bridges to effective supply chain management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 35-48. 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MWRA 2008, Water efficiency for restaurants, Water System, viewed 07 July 2016, https://www.mwra.com/comsupport/ici/restaurants.htm. Niazi, A S 2011, Training and development strategy and its role in organizational performance,Journal of public Administration and Governance,vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 42-57. Pay Benefits 2016, Employment case law: Disclosing confidential information, Article, viewed 07 July 2016, https://www.payandbenefitsmagazine.co.uk/printpdf/5666. Segovia, J, Szczepaniak, P S Niedzwiedzinski, M 2013, E-Commerce and intelligent methods, Physica, Poland. The University of Tennessee 2014, Managing risk in the global supply chain, Report, viewed 07 July 2016, https://globalsupplychaininstitute.utk.edu/publications/documents/Risk.pdf. Wiggins, J M 2010, Facilities manager's desk reference, John Wiley Sons, UK.