Last Chapter of A Brave New World :: A Brave New World

Last Chapter of A Brave New WorldJohns eyes fluttered open and he cautiously surveyed his surroundings. Where was he taken? Who knocked him unconscious and carried him from his solitude at the lighthouse? He did not have to wait long for his answer, when he saw his friend standing over him, shudder him to awareness. Its about judgment of conviction you came to, said Bernard Marx, weve been worrying about you.Helmholtz laughed as he came around to the bed John was laying on. Dont look at us equivalent that, Savage. We have good news for you.Bernard wore a smug look on his face as he told John of their accomplishments. We have met some of the most level-headed men of the world here at this island, and we found a way to overthrow this so called civilized society which has tried to subdue us angiotensin converting enzyme too many times. We destroyed all the soma in London, and right about now, all England is in an uproar. We were able to get you out in time before anyone tried to come for you, youre to blame for all this, you know.Youre a mighty unpopular fellow back in London at this moment, Savage, came Mustapha Monds voice from the corner. But anyway, enough of this dallying, we have work to do.As John rose from the bed, all that he was hearing started to sink in. Loss of declare in England? Thats not what he had intended. The damage was done, though, and Mustapha was right, they had a lot of work to do. There was no time to waste. The group consisted of one hundred cubic decimeter seven men and women who had been sent to the island because of their inability to follow the rules of civilized society, as well as Mustapha, Marx, Helmholtz, and John. Mustapha was the leader, of course, because he knew all the laws, and was a natural commander. Together, they planned to destroy the worlds soma supplies, and all the manufacturing plants. Once the citizens were cut off from the drugs, theyd be more apt to become deconditioned. The next step would be to teach the world of meditation and natural herbs such as St. Johns Wort for wellbeing, and to detoxify and preserve their bodies using deep tissue cleansing techniques and fasting. Schools had to be set up treatment and rehabilitation centers had to be opened.

lord of flys ( i got a b+) 11th grade :: essays research papers

SYMBOLISMWhat?s it like to be stranded on a desert island in the prime of you youth, with no gravid figure? William Golding show what may happen in just this circumstance. In this very complicated novel Golding brings out many stems and shows what lack of the adult figure leads to. Above all others though comes symbolism of three main important objects being the conch, fire, and ?Piggy?s? eyeglasses. Through each of these three symbols Golding shows how the boys fit and change throughout the novel. All three of these symbols together are one of the most important elements of the story.The first symbol, which is utilize all throughout the book, is the symbol of the Conch. The conch was a large shell which piggy had first unearthed on the island. The conch shows powers all throughout the book and always commands respect form the boys due to its importance. The importance and power would ruff be compared to that of a congregation when a Rabbi removes the torah from the ark, which holds it. The first quote which best shows the importance of the conch is when it is used by Ralph and Piggy to get all the boys together when they occur themselves alone on the island. ?The Conch, we can use this to call the others. Have a concourse they?ll come when they hear us- (16).? Then again at the second meeting we see how the boys are drawn to the Conch and how it is like a magnet to the boys, which draws them to who ever uses it. ?By the time Ralph had finished blowing the conch the platform was crowded (32).? The conch also shows the first idea of civilization and rules. One example is when there is disorder because everyone I talking at once. ?Conch, that?s what the shell is called. I?ll give the conch to the next person who speaks. He can hold when he is speaking (33).? Finally the conch is used for is to show how Piggy does so much to help them and does not get credit for it. It was used that way when Piggy was the first one to see the Conch and Piggy was the one wh o knew what it was and instructed Ralph on how to use it. But when all the boys came from the Conch?s noise Ralph got credit for it.

Education and Understanding Will Reduce the Threat of Terrorism Essay

Abstract Globalization has had both negative and positive effects. While some cultures accept globalisation as a wonderful gesture, others abjure it with violent force. Since the main country involved in the notion of globalization is the United States, numerous countries, most of those who are adamantly opposed to globalization, call globalization Americanization. For the Muslims who supported the terrorists in the 9-11 attack, they label Americas treatment of them as reason for their hatred of the United States. They claim that the United States has forced them into a situation they want no part of, and hence, their actions were a statement of rebellion. Other countries and other cultures feel that globalization is the answer hence, they side with the United States and disagree with the Extreme Islamic concepts. In my opinion, I feel that neither side is ultimately right or wrong. Instead, I feel that some sort of agree must be made by means of education and un derstanding. While I do feel that the Islamic world will eventually have to globalize in order to compete with the western world, perhaps the changes must be made with a greater understanding of their culture so that they would be more willing to accept it. Both sides come down from very different traditions and cultures hence, if the Western world understood the Islamic world a little better and vice versa, I feel a compromise could be reached. Education, like it is in so many debates, is certainly the answer here. Paper Begins Below In a multicultural world, there are many opposing views on globalization. Some cultures and individuals accept it, while others do not. Have the United States attempts to globalize ... ...001/trade.center/tenants1.html>. Porter Keith. America Discovers the Value of Friends. Globalization requires cooperation. <http//www.globalization.about.com> 7 July 2002. <http//globalization.about.com/ subroutine library/weekly/aa091701a. htm?terms= nato+article+5>. Reich, Robert B. Will Terrorism Stall Globalization? The American Prospect Online 2 Nov. 2001. 2 July 2002 <http//www.prospect.org/webfeatures/2001/11/reich-r-11-02.html>. Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. Vol 4. bleak York Random. 1985. 5 vols. Bin Laden, Osama. To Terrors Source Interview with Osama bin Laden. ABC News on the Web 28 May 1998. 1 July 2002 <http//abcnews.go.com/sections/world/DailyNews/miller_binladen_ 980609.html4>.

Steven Hawking :: essays papers

Steven HawkingSteven William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford,England. He was always interested in science and how things worked.From about the age of 20, he was awarded a first-class honours degree class honors degree inNatural Sciences. After receiving his degree, Steven went toCambridge, to do search on Cosmology. After receiving his Ph.D., heleft the Institute of Astronomy and since then he has held the post ofLucasian Professor of Mathematics. In the late 1960s, Steven provedthat if general theory of relativity is true and the Universe is expanding, airregularity must have occurred at the birth of the Universe. In 1974,he first recognized a truly funny property of black holes, objectsfrom which nothing was supposed to be able to escape. By taking intoaccount quantum mechanics, he was able to show that black holes can gleam energy as particles are created in their vicinity. Dr. Hawkinghas also worked on the basic laws that govern the universe. WithRodge r Penrose, he showed that Einsteins General Theory of Relativityimplied space and age would have had a beginning in the Big Bang,and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary tounify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other corkingscientific development of the first half of the 20th century. Oneconsequence of such a unification that he discovered was that blackholes should not be completely black, but it should emit radiation andeventually evaporate and disappear. Another speculation is that theuniverse has no edge or boundary in ideational time. This would implythat the way the universe began was completely determined by the lawsof science. While studying at Oxford, Steven noticed that he wasbecoming rather clumsy during his first year. When he returned homeone Christmas 1962, his mother persuaded him to go to the doctor. In1963, he was diagnosed with ALS (Ameliotrophic Lateral Sclerosis orbest known as the lou Gehrigs disease).This disease is progressive andslowly affects the nerves supplying all the muscles in the body.Dr. Hawking has several books, but his most prestigious feat may be aBrief History of Time, which was published in 1988. When askedrecently about his disability and other questions surrounding it hereplied People are fascinated by the contrast between my verylimited physical powers, and the vast nature of the universe I dealwith. Im the archetype of a disabled genius, or should I say aphysically challenged genius, to be politically correct.

Existence of God :: Ontological arguments

The dilemma of the existence of graven image has troubled mankind for thousands of years. Many philosophers have put out their theories in order to prove the existence of God. Most of these arguments can be termed as ontological. These arguments differ from other arguments for the existence of God since they are not base on empirical data such as the existence or nature of the universe, besides are rather grounded in pure logic. First we entrust consider the arguments presented by Anselm. He believed that God is that than which nothing greater can be call backd if one understand this, then God exists in his mind simply it is greater to exist in reality as well as in the mind than to exist only in the mind whence, something that exists only in the mind is not that than which nothing greater can be conceived therefore, God exists in reality as well. Anselm also puts this another way we can conceive of a being that cannot be conceived not to exist such a being is greater than on e that can be conceived not to exist therefore the greatest conceivable being cannot be conceived not to exist therefore, the greatest conceivable being exists. This argument does seem to conclude that something resembling the traditional theistic God exists unlike the cosmological and teleological arguments, which seem restricted to a creator and a designer respectively.This argument was immediately criticized by Gaunilo, who argued that parallel reasoning could be applied to prove the existence of a unadulterated island. This is a reduction of Anselms position it shows it to have absurd consequences. However, it is not clear that there is a coherent concept of the perfect island to start with how many palm trees is the perfect number? Anselms own reply seems to distinguish the perfect island which is a perfect example of one kind of thing from the perfect being which is a perfect example of a thing, with no restriction to kind. It is no virtue, excellence, perfection of an is land qua island that it exists, but it is a virtue, excellence, perfection of a being that it exists, so the argument works only for the concept of a perfect being. The bigger criticism is the one Kant levied at Descartess version of the argument, but applies equally to Anselms. It is that existence is not a great-making quality of a being, because it is not a quality of a being at all in Kants terms existence is not a real predicate.

Existence of God :: Ontological arguments

The dilemma of the existence of God has troubled mankind for thousands of years. Many philosophers have put forth their theories in order to prove the existence of God. Most of these arguments can be termed as ontological. These arguments differ from other arguments for the existence of God since they are not based on empirical data such as the existence or nature of the universe, but are rather grounded in pure logic. First we will look the arguments presented by Anselm. He believed that God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived if one understand this, then God exists in his head word but it is greater to exist in reality as well as in the mind than to exist only in the mind therefore, something that exists only in the mind is not that than which nothing greater can be conceived therefore, God exists in reality as well. Anselm also puts this another way we can conceive of a being that cannot be conceived not to exist such a being is greater than one that can be conce ived not to exist therefore the superior conceivable being cannot be conceived not to exist therefore, the greatest conceivable being exists. This argument does seem to conclude that something resembling the traditional theistic God exists contradictory the cosmological and teleological arguments, which seem restricted to a creator and a designer respectively.This argument was immediately criticized by Gaunilo, who argued that par bothel reasoning could be employ to prove the existence of a perfect island. This is a reduction of Anselms position it shows it to have absurd consequences. However, it is not clear that there is a limpid concept of the perfect island to start with how many palm trees is the perfect number? Anselms own reply seems to distinguish the perfect island which is a perfect spokesperson of one kind of thing from the perfect being which is a perfect example of a thing, with no restriction to kind. It is no virtue, excellence, perfection of an island qua i sland that it exists, but it is a virtue, excellence, perfection of a being that it exists, so the argument works only for the concept of a perfect being. The bigger criticism is the one Kant levied at Descartess version of the argument, but applies equally to Anselms. It is that existence is not a great-making quality of a being, because it is not a quality of a being at all in Kants terms existence is not a real predicate.

Choice theory

The term choice surmisal has originated from the work of Dr. William Glasser, MD, an Ameri female genitalia psychiatrist from Cleveland, Ohio and which was popularized through his al-Quran of the same title released in 1998. Choice theory is the culmination of Glassers research work on psychology and counseling spanning 50 years. It used to called control theory, and is the foundation of Glassers Reality Therapy, a particular approach used in psychotherapy and counseling which was developed in the 1960s. This approach focuses on the founder emotional status of a person and the possible ways on creating a better future, instead of concentrating on his past.Reality therapy establishes a persons big business composition in making decisions, taking actions in his life, and being able to control his life. This approach allows a person in disc everywhereing what they really want in their lives, and learns whether their trustworthy activities are actually leading them to their actual goals. Reality therapy has gained a decent following in the United States and is now widely used in the palm of education. Choice theory considers that behavior is the center of human institution. Human existence is further determined by the five genetically driven motivations, which includes survival, belonging, power, freedom, and fun.According to Maslow, survival includes mans basic biological needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. The remaining four are the fundamental psychological needs. This theory considers that among the five, the most important need is love, or belonging, due to the fact that a persons closeness to the people he love and care about is an essential factor in satisfying all the five needs. Choice theory also includes the seven caring habits supporting, encouraging, listening, accepting, trusting, respecting, and negotiating differences.Against these habits are the seven deadly habits criticizing, blaming, complaining, nagging, threatening, punishing, and bribing or rewarding in consecrate to control. Choice theory and the seven caring habits are aimed to replace and counteract the so-called external control psychology and the seven deadly habits, which is believed to be the place state of mind of most people in the world. The seven deadly habits are believed to be destroying relationships because it ruins a persons ability to find bliss in his relationship.This further results to people getting disconnected from the people they care about, and which would prove to be the cause of most problems in the society at stick in illnesses, depression, substance abuse, and uncontrolled violence, and rising crime rates. Choice theory then presents ten axioms, and these are 1. The only person whose behavior we can control is our own. 2. in all we can give a nonher person is information. 3. All long-lasting psychological problems are relationship problems. 4. The problem relationship is always part of our present life. 5.What happened i n the past has everything to do with what we are today, but we can only satisfy our basic needs right now and plan to continue satisfying them in the future. 6. We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the pictures in our Quality World. 7. All we do is behave. 8. All behavior is Total Behavior and is make up of four components acting, thinking, feeling and physiology. 9. All Total Behavior is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and thinking components. We can only control our feeling and physiology indirectly through how we choose to act and think. 10.All Total Behavior is designated by verbs and named by the part that is the most recognizable. The idea of the existence of a quality world is presented by choice theory, which states that a person, beginning at birth and passim his life, places everything important to him, including people, his beliefs, materials things, and other valuables into this world. The person then behaves throughout his life to achieve a real world based on his quality world. Related to the ideas of a persons real and quality worlds is the canvass place where the real world is compared to the quality world.With the idea of total behavior, Glasser believes that among the four components, a person can only exert control over two, which are acting and thinking and have limited capacity to influence the other two, feeling and physiology. As these four are interconnected, the manner by which a person acts and thinks has tremendous impact on his feelings and physiology. Glassers choice theory is one that is based psychology. The theory further states that most mental illnesses being experience by most people in the world are caused by gloominess.Mental illness is actually brought about by a persons unhappiness and dissatisfaction in life. Although contested by most mainstream psychiatrists, Glassers theory is now used in a wider range of social issues including education, family, management, and mental health. His t heories have gained popularity not only in the United States where they are most commonly used in education, but also in the global arena. Glassers choice theory is all about being able to choose how to live happily, how to make better decisions that satisfy a persons need, how to responsibly build action, and how to take control of ones life.This theory is all about living satisfactorily in order to lessen unhappiness, promote better relationships among people, and therefore bear away mental illness in the world today. Sources Furr, Lee W. and W. Hugh Furr. (2006, March 14). Choice scheme Psychology. Electronic Document. http//www. choicetheory. com/ The William Glasser Institute. (2006, May 11). Choice Theory. Electronic Document. http//www. wglasser. com/whatisct. htm Schneller, Peter L. (2005, August 30). Choice Theory. Electronic Document. http//raider. muc. edu/schnelpl/Control Theory Overhead. html

Compare Blanche and Amanda Essay

In todays socioeconomic world, there is no room for slacking off or failure. People be seen as individuals who earn their social status and there is much pressure to succeed. In the plays, The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire both pen by Tennessee Williams, there be two main characters who are not capable of living in the present and have a difficult date facing reality. A worldly concernda Wingfield, the mother from The Glass Menagerie and Blanche Dubois, Stellas sister in A Streetcar Named Desire have many similar characteristics and life styles that are discovers through go forth apiece play.In the article Tennessee Williams and the Predicament of Women written by Louise Blackwell both of these women are defined as Women who have learned to be distressed through adjustment to abnormal family relationships and who strive to break through their bondage in order to find a mate. Each woman vie an important role, affecting e very(prenominal)one they came encounter wi th, starting with the earlier years when they women were southern belles. In order for these two characters to deal with the complications in their lives they resort to living in their own fantasy worlds of deception and lies.Amanda Wingfield is the mother of Tom and Laura, a middle-aged southern belle whose husband has abandoned her and their children several years earlier. Amanda spends her time reminiscing or so the onetime(prenominal) and nagging her children. She is completely dependent on her son Tom for finical support and holds him fully responsible for her daughter Lauras future. Amanda is obsessed with her past as she constantly reminds Tom and Laura of One Sunday afternoon in the Blue Mountain__ your mother received__ seventeen__gentlemen callers(1050). The reader cannot even be sure if this actually happened or if this is an over exaggerated story that she made up. However, it is clear that despite its possible falsity, Amanda has come to believe it. Amanda also refuse s to acknowledge that her daughter Laura is cripples and refers to her handicap as a little defect-hardly noticeable (1056).Only for brief moments does she ever admit that her daughter is crippled and then she resorts back into her world of denial and delusion. Amanda is constantly worrying about Lauras future and pushing Tom to find a man for Laura. When Tom finally finds a caller for Laura,Amanda blows the meeting out of proportion and believes that this man will marry her daughter after their first meeting. The night when the young man comes to meet Laura, Amanda wears the same gown she wore on the day that she met her husband. This makes her realize that she chose the amiss(p) man, a man who left her and her children to struggle through life while he went and chased his dreams. Amanda chooses to live in a fantasy world of lackadaisical recollections not accepting the present reality of her life.Blanche Dubois the main character in the play A Streetcar Named Desire is a hyperse nsitive, neurasthenic, faded southern belle who moves from her stem town after a rough patch, to live with her younger sister Stella and Stellas husband Stanley. A main element in finding out who Blanche really is, is discovering the real reason for her move to New Orleans to live with her sister. After the death of her husband, every aspect of her life slowly started to fall aside and left her with a huge void to stuff.She admitted to this, at one point in the story, that after the death of Allen (her husband) intimacies was the only thing that seemed to be able to fill her empty heart. Blanche thought that having sexual relations with men would somehow fill the void in her heart. This type of behavior got Blanche into trouble in her hometown. eyepatch teaching high school English, Blanche had an affair with a seventeen-year-old student. This destroyed her career and ruined her reputation forcing her to relocate to New Orleans with Stella.From the first moment Blanche step into her sisters home one can sense exactly what Blanche is, or at least what she chooses to be. In appearance, she is a glamorous, ladylike aristocrat, who is perhaps jolly nervous. She parades about the house as if she is a regal figure, wearing elegant gowns and delicate jewelry. However, this is merely a facade, Blanche is broke and homeless. Although Blanche was once a kind, normal, sweet girl, her very being has deteriorated. Now, all thats left is what she struggles desperately to maintain on the outside. It is obvious, even as Blanche desperately attempts to imitate a respectable lady, that there is something outrageously wrong with her. She even admits it while speaking with Stella, I want to be near you, got to be with somebody, I cant be alone Because as you must have noticed Im not very well.Amanda and Blanche are similar in the ways they conduct themselves and how they rely on other people to fill voids in their lives. Both women escape reality by living in illusionary worlds and by reminiscing about the past. They rely heavily on men and are desperate to get one. Blanche and Amanda drive everyone crazy causing their own families to slowly drift away from them. While these characters stay the same, the fill-in of the world around them is continually changing. This explains the twos repeated failures in life. The major characters in these plays are so warped and their lives so distorted and perverted by fantasies that each is left with only broken fragments of what might have been. Their failure to recognize what is happening in their lives, explains how they are unstable people who cannot fend for themselves.

Ways Language To Create Meaning In Dubliners English Literature Essay

The cliches flirt withing and value as cliche depends on our acknowledging both its perfect imitation, its exact resort, of the old happenings of its ain haggling ( to be a cliche , it mustiness(prenominal) be quotable word for word ) and its difference from other possible trunkup that could re mail it 1 Harold F. Mosher Jr defines the enormousness of cliches and the importance of repeat in a similar manner. He highlights the importance of cliches to perfectly copy predating events through the usage of repeat. The utilizations of repeat and the logical implication of words and phrases to copy these predating events bequeath be explored in this essay.The subject of escape is shown in assorted narratives in Dubliners. In The Sisters , the priest foresees he is not long for this universe and this persists in Eliza s statement he s g 1 to a better universe and the manly childs uncle s recollection that the priest had a great wish for the male child. In The Dead , Gabrie l wants to go forth on his journey due west . The repeat of the noun world suggests an alternate universe the slips wish they can ready away to when they die. This alternate universe can be seen as Eden, which the priest wishes for the male child through priesthood in The Sisters . The noun journey in The Dead may be interpreted to intend a journey in the way of decease.Escape through matrimony is satirised in A Small Cloud by Gallaher s statement to Chandler for holding tasted the joys of continual cloud nine . Gallaher s statement is sarcastic as his passion in life is clear in his comment I mean to turn back married money . The vowel rhyme in this short sentence makes it memorable. Gallaher advises Chandler to go away to London or Paris . Here, the flight is non to an alternate universe but to another portion of the universe where he can review and happen amusement in the Moulin make up or Bohemian coffeehouse . However, Chandler does non experience comfy in co me ining Corless s legal profession as he feels an agitation ab aside overmaster ing him for the risk of run intoing Gallaher or to escape from his small house or to unrecorded courageously like Gallaher. The contrast of the adjectives little and bravely theorise the difference of provinces of drift of the two characters. Chandler views himself as little look up toing Gallaher s bravery but feels agitation because of the adventure . This agitation reveals the battle a individual must see in put in to get away the province they are in. Irony is shown in Chandler s flight to London with his travelled air, his well-cut tweed get and unafraid speech pattern in contrast to the signs of future illustriousness through his imbibing and borrowing money. The positive lingual communication well-cut fearless and greatness creates a dark tone to the narrative as the contrast highlights the vileness of his province.One of the most prevailing and well-known motives in Dub liners is the overturn promise of flight with its accompanying defeat. Though this motive is frequently repeated in many different signifiers, the act of get awaying the Dublin status in an effort to alter one s life is rarely, if of all time, accomplished by the chief characters. ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p54 )Irony is besides shown in the cultural cliche s in Dubliners. Gallagher s advice to Chandler to get away ennui is through rich Jewesses in the signifier of dark oriental eyesafullaof passion, of juicy hankering . The attractive adult female at the saloon in Counterparts has large dark brown eyes and Micheal Furey in The Dead has big dark eyes . The perennial adjective dark emphasises the enigma of Oriental adult females and big is besides repeated to reflect the size of difference between the metropolis of Dublin and the flight of an Oriental topographic point, off from Dublin. The words full and passion contrast the empty, passionless life Chandler lives and it s attractive effect is further emphasised by his longing for a voluptuous adult female. Besides, it is ironical Chandler wishes his name was more Irish-looking or if he could do a drab tone or The Gaelic note which is repeated, but admires the English poet, Lord Byron s verse form Hushed are the winds-whose romantic melancholy and lingual communication have surely become cliches in early twentieth-century Dublin. ( Bosinelli and Mosher p.56 )Assorted subjects in Dubliners show cliched linguistic communication. The subject of trustfulness is shown in The Sisters God have mercy on his psyche and he s gone to a better universe . God is believed to be merciful for the psyche of the dead and the better universe refers to heaven. The subject of money is shown in different manners in After the Race to drama fast and loose and pots of money . To play fast and loose refers to the insignificance of losing money as it is done with velocity and without vacillation period the high significance of money is shown by the sum descri slam through the hyperbole pots . The subject of drink is shown in different ways in Counterparts denomination their toxicants and one small shadow Drink is shown as poison which is deadly to a human organic structure but it is contrasted with the undistinguished little tincture shown in another portion of the narrative.The action in the narratives mirror well-known cliches. In An Encounter, the male child s fancy for the coloring material common articulation with the empty field mirrors the phrase greener grazing lands over yonder. In After the Race, Jimmy s hard place in the back place of the auto and his eventual persecution reflects the look to be taken for a drive. In The Boarding House, seductive Polly and persecuted Mr. Doran s prevarication in bed implies you ve made your bed now lie in it. In A Painful Case, Mr. Duffy s delayed guilt for enduring the loss of Mrs. Sinico might be belief to be an dry dramatisation of the cliched phrase absence makes the bosom grow fonder. The exasperation of Mrs. Kearney at the terminal of A Mother could be the dry set up of the stating mother knows best. The more one thinks of the action of the narratives, the more easy cliches come to mind, merely as the more closely one examines the text of Dubliners, the more likely go the cliches. ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p.56 ) The rubric A Little Cloud is connected to the cliche every cloud has a Ag liner . This silver run alonging represents foretaste of flight of the province Chandler is in by going every bit celebrated as a poet. The word silver indicates money.The sarcasm of both Chandler s and Gallaher s state of affairss is truly a perennial sarcasm as the significance of the cliche evolves into a dual sarcasm from what appears to be an original metaphor, to the empty cliche , to a new significance created by the cliche become metaphor in its context. ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p.57 )Therefo re, the significance of cliche s enhances the readers apprehension of the action of the narratives which reflect mundane life.We learn of Chandler s character that he is a down pessimistHe watched the scene and idea of life and ( as ever happened when he thought of life ) he became sad. A soft melancholy took ownership of him. He felt how useless it was to fight against luck, this being the load of wisdom which the ages had bequeathed him.The image of Chandler observation the scene and reflecting brings a arrest to the action of the narrative. The words always and ages imply his depression is insistent merely as the look thought of life is repeated. The adjectival sad is besides repeated through the adjectival melancholy to underscore his life s dull modus operandi. The adjectival gentle is dry as his melancholy is rough because it takes possession of him . The noun possession is striking as it implies his province of depression takes entire control over him and the unint errupted depression is hard to interrupt out of as he feels how useless it was to fight against luck . The noun wisdom is satirised as it is normally understood that wisdom is helpful in life but in his instance it is a burden .On the other manus, Chandler s character can be seen as optimistic at times. Chandler says about his authorship that it is a melancholy tempered by returns of religion and sur commit and simple joy . His unhappiness is toned down by positive emotions such as faith and joy . The adjectival melancholy is repeated three times in the same paragraph and twice at the terminal of the narrative when Chandler reflects on Byron s poesy. However, when Chandler hears the kid s weeping, his pessimism returns. The word useless is repeated three times in three lines and the statement He was a captive for life is flooring.Chandler s idea turns from desperation to a hope in authorship and back once more to desperation, but throughout, banal linguistic communication a nd repeat render his committedness to any stance unconvincing. This ultimate deficiency of dedication is the increase of significance that the permeant cliche and repeat spread in retrospect, if non at first, over all the action.The drawn-out metaphor of desperation is shown through the repeating deficiency of assurance in Chandler. His imbalanced province is revealed in this uninterrupted cliched turn of hope, deficiency of hope so trust once more.There is a dual sarcasm in Gallaher s assorted mentalities. He uses cliched linguistic communication I m traveling to hold my crack foremost and see a spot of life and the universe before I flummox my caput in the poke . The sarcasm is shown when Gallaher repeatedly congratulates Chandler for putting his caput in the poke , guaranting Chandler that Gallaher s best wants are those of a sincere booster amplifier . The look head in the poke creates an image of suffocation- Gallaher s metaphor for matrimony. Chandler s state of affair s is mocked through Gallaher s bogus best wants . Gallaher s impermanent enthusiasm for ( Chandler s ) married life is so made to look insincere by his naming that life staleaThe words are modify with significance and so emptied by contradictory 1s or banal linguistic communication in one dry bend after another. ( Bosinelli and Mosher p.58 ) Cliched linguistic communication can be made undistinguished by dry irony.The subject of money takes a darker tone in Chandlers position. He calls the furniture mean and pretty connoting money is attractive but unkind. He repeats these adjectives in depicting his married woman s eyes. Chandler s emptiness is emphasised as he reads poetry more than writes it. Chandler repeated lines to himself and this consoled him. The repeated lines mirror the repeated sobbing in the narrative through the equivalent word cry and scream and the adjectival little is repeated in the rubric A Little Cloud and Chandlers name has the label Little . The a djective is besides repeated in ivy Day in the Committee Room 14 times.But Chandler s name, we recall, carries with it the epithet Little , and his littleness of spirit and achievement and defeated promise for the hereunder are reiterated like a chorus at the terminal of the narrative by the married woman s application of the adjectival both literally and figuratively ( therefore in consequence duplicating the repeat ) to the little and unfortunate kid, making an dry comparing to the male parent. ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p. 59 )Repeats of words carry significance of actual and nonliteral significances.There are repeats in Dubliners which have topical worth. For illustration, in Counterparts , the subject of choler is transferred from furiously to furious to trounce him to rage , to Blast it to enraged to revel in force to bitter and violent and at the terminal fury and furiously . The short and long words create a musical balance with the sound of the words changing. T he perennial adverb furiously contrasts the short words furious and fury adding to the beat of the three syllable sentences revel in force and bitter and violent . The noun thirst is besides repeated to reflect his imbibing wonts.Here, so, is a series of perennial words and equivalent word that turns back upon itself, leads nowhere, and as such is a metonymy for Farrington s repetitive occupation and the barbarous disk shape of his life he works at copying and recopying the same words in order to gain money to still his thirst ( that is, acquire rummy ) but is still thirsty ( that is, he does non acquire rummy ) and must get down all over once more the following twenty-four hours to copy in order to gain money in order to acquire rummy. ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p. 60 )The repeat of words mirrors the characters insistent life style.The subject of choler connects to the subject of lousiness as Farrington is described as dark wine-coloured and the noun darkness is repeated in t he narrative. Darkness is shown in other narratives in Dubliners such as The Sisters through the empty hearth . The apposition of dark wine-coloured high spots the darkness of Farrington s alcoholic job. Besides, the emptiness of the hearth in The Sisters mirrors the darkness of the narrative. Harold F. Mosher Jr describes darkness as a scene and general status in the universe of Dublinersa ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p.60 ) Again, the repeat of words mirrors the drawn-out metaphor which runs throughout Dubliners.The subject of visible beam of light is shown in The Dead as Gabriel s tippy fires is repeated as tender fire and tender joy . Besides, Gabriel s dull fires of his lust which began to turn angrily reverberations Farrington s state of affairs as the dull fire could be interpreted as alcohol- a fire he lusts for which grows angrily into a dull stoping. Light is shown in a different manner through the character of Gretta as she is described with colour on her che eks , rich bronze of her hair and sparkle eyes. Light is shown through the adjectives of the Sun such as bronze and shining . The images of light present new hope for their Gabriel and Gretta s relation.Ironically, Gabriel moves from this visible radiation to the darkness outside to the muted visible radiation of the hotel room with his dull lecherousness and choler at the minute when, eventually, visible radiation in a nonliteral sense mornings on him about his relation to Gretta ( as visible radiation mornings partly on Jimmy in After the Race after the dark of losing money.Subjects are repeated in different signifiers to reflect the state of affairs s of the narratives.There are many contrasts in A Little Cloud as Chandler feels acutely the contrast between his ain life and his fellow s . Contrasts are besides seen in the scene of the narrative kindly aureate dust, gentle melancholy and golden sundown . The contrast golden dust mirrors the apposition dull fire seen in The Dead .Here kindly and gentle brace away, as does the repeat of golden, and therefore dust, melancholy, and sunset associate with each(prenominal) other and with the other repeats of melancholy later in the narrative as indexs of Chandler s province of head and peculiarly of his attitude toward poesy and the possibility it offers for flight from his sober unartistic life . ( Bosinelli and Mosher, p.61 )The typify of repeat and contrasts has topical significance to exhibit the characters aggravated state of affairs and the emphatic want to fly from their exasperation. The map of cliche s augments the reader s cognition of the action of the narratives which mirror day-to-day life. Cliched words can be made unimportant by dry irony. Repeats of words bear importance of factual and metaphorical significances. The repeat of words reflects the characters repeating life style.

IKEA Looks to Further Penetrate the U.S. Market

Given the SWOT analysis presented in the case, what be IKEAs rouge competitive advantages? What strategic focus should the company suppose as it looks to foster expand into the U. S. market? * IKEAs low cost structure has been the very core of its success. Its low-cost and high-quality strategy fits with the current state of the economy. Offering convenience factors within IKEAs stores would fit well with IKEAs low cost structure. It maintains its low-cost business model by creating a varied furniture shopping experience.IKEA supplies customers with all possible materials needed to complete their shopping when they enter the store (that are, measuring tape, paper, pencils, catalogs, strollers, and shopping bags). Although IKEA is not set up as a traditional furniture store, the company does provide several added amenities. There is no denying that brand image is a key strength for IKEA. IKEA considers the environmental refer of every step in its business processes by making pr oducts that are environmentally conscientious and cost-effective. * To further expand into U. S. arket, IKEA must address two key issues. The first is the overwhelming individuality of U. S. consumers. Further expansion into the U. S. market will require IKEA to adapt its offerings and stores to local anaesthetic tastes. The second key issue is quality. Although American consumers are increasingly value-driven, they also demand quality products. Many Americans view self-assembled furniture as being lower in quality, and similar to the types of furniture one powerfulness buy at Walmart or Target. 2. What factor is the biggest reason for IKEAs growth and popularity value or image?What can IKEA do to sustain growth by and by it loses some cache? * There is no denying that brand image is a key strength for IKEA. Even if they have not been in a store, roughly people around the globe recognize the blue and yellow logo as a symbolic representation of trendy, modern, and fashionable fur niture which have been base on Swedish home-based clean and efficient service. * Diversification can be a good way that IKEA does to sustain growth after it loses some cache. intersection point innovation and market development such as IKEAs expanding goal in U. S. market.It is a risky strategy but with careful selection of the well(p) kind of businesses, considerable improvements in profitability can be experienced. To try and maintain growth, IKEA is considering diversification outside of the furniture market. 3. What strategic alternatives would you suggest IKEA employ to further penetrate the U. S. market? * Add more services to enhance customers experience, and implement a customer relationship management system to track current customers and overhaul with them. Keep IKEAs brand image and focus on correct placement of stores.Expand product lines to flank the budget line with a higher-priced line. cute advertising and promotion. 4. Speculate on what will happen at IKEA sto res as they are adapted to fit local tastes. Is the companys trade-off of service for low cost sustainable in the long term? * IKEAs management philosophy Our vision is to create a better everyday smell for the many people. Our business idea is to offer a wide range of well-designed, functional, home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible can afford them. and all its activities is founded on its mission of offering wide variety of functional furniture for the house, of a quality and at a price affordable by a majority of people. This mission shows IKEAs competitive advantage, positioning strategy and marketing mix. Tailoring IKEAs stores and product to local tastes will cause IKEA to change its mission, to lose its competitive advantage and to redesign its positioning strategy and marketing mix.

The Gathering Essay

To an extent The Gathering portrays the dark facial expression of human nature. A dark side of a human is the side that tells that human to do abuse and unfavorable things. The Gathering is a novel written by Isobelle Carmody. When the briny character Nathanial and his m otherwise move to a new town called Cheshunt he realises that something is terribly wrong. He soon finds himself in a group with four other people called the chain, fighting the dark, ancient evil that bruised Cheshunt a long time ago. A long time ago Cheshunt was bruised by an ancient evil which caused cock-a-hoop things to happen there.In Cheshunt, there were people with creator over others and their forefinger corrupted them. Mr Karle, a teacher and the leader of the school youth group move to manipulate people by using their venerates against them. Even though The Gathering directs the dark side of humans it also displays the good side of humans. An ancient evil bruised Cheshunt a long time ago and this caused bad things to happen there. When Nathaniel decided to walk his dog for the first time since he arrived at Cheshunt, he met a security guard who told him about Cheshunt.He utter that some places are made for trouble. Years ago some bad things happened here. This shows that bad things happened at Cheshunt. An old lady named Anna, who used to live in Cheshunt for a long time told Nathanial that Cheshunt was a bad place. This shows that Cheshunt was a bad place. The girl by the name of Lallie, who united the chain, told the group that Long ago terrible things were done in Cheshunt. These deeds bruised the earth and a cycle of darkness has grown in Cheshunt. This shows that terrible deeds bruised Cheshunt a long time ago.Cheshunt was bruised by ancient evil long ago and because of this many people displayed their dark side and affiliated evil deeds. In addition, the corrupting force of power exhibits the dark side of people. One of the members of the Chain named Danny was physic ally hurt by the practice of law who have power over the citizens of Cheshunt. He told Nathaniel that power makes the police into Gorillas. As Gorillas are stereotypically ferociously violent and are inhumane creatures, this shows that the polices power corrupts them.When Nathanial and his mother were at the zoo Nathanial asked her if she thought that a policeman could be evil. She told him that anyone who has power over others can be evil. This shows that anyone who has power can be evil. She also quoted that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. This shows that anyone who has power can be corrupted. People who have power over others can be corrupted and when they are corrupted the show their dark side. Furthermore, Mr Karle attempts to manipulate people by using their guardianships against them.Nissa Jerome was a member of the chain and her weakness was spang. Nissa was scared of admitting or giving in to love. Mr Karle used her fear to his advantage and said t o her that she was unfeminine and unattractive and that no one could love such a creature except out of pity. As love was Nissas fear this shows that Mr Karle was trying to manipulate Nissa by using her fear against her. Danny was scared of the police and the power of authority. Mr Karle used Dannys fear against him when he said I think you must truly have damaged your brain in that field. The dog must have bitten into it.As on the night that the police hurt Danny, Danny was being hurt by the polices dog, this shows that Mr Karle essay to manipulate Danny. Nathanial was scared of turning out like his father. Mr Karle used Nathanials fear against him when he told Nathanial that he is going the way of his father. This shows that Mr Karle tried to manipulate Nathaniel by using his fear against him. Mr Karle tried to manipulate many people and by doing this he is displaying his dark side. Although The Gathering exhibits the dark side of people it also displays the good side of people. Throughout The Gathering, Nissa and Nathanial build up their relationship.Eventually their relationship became so good that Nissa leaned forward and pressed her lips on his. This shows that The Gathering displays the good side of human nature. Seth was another member of the chain and when the group was at the strand Seth nearly drowned. The reason he didnt drown was that the group worked so hard to save him that by the time they reached the sand none of them had the efficiency to walk. As the group used all their strength to save Seth this shows how much the group cared about Seth. This also shows that The Gathering displays the good side of human nature.The Gathering displays both the good side and dark side of people. A long time ago Cheshunt was bruised by an ancient evil which caused bad things to happen there. In Cheshunt, there were people with power over others and their power corrupted them. Mr Karle, a teacher and the leader of the school youth group tried to manipulate p eople by using their fears against them. Even though The Gathering shows the dark side of humans it also displays the good side of humans. In the abolish the Chain stayed together, defeated Mr Karle and rid Cheshunt of the evil that bruised it a long time ago.

Internal And External Sources Of Finance For Tesco Essay

A source of finance employ by Tesco is retained earnings. Tesco re-dedicate a certain percentage of their end of the stratum profits dressing into Tesco, so they dejection improve it. Each year Tesco decide how much money they re- sit down, this depends on the profit they make.Fixed assetsAnother vitrine of an interior source of finance for Tesco is fixed assets. Fixed assets atomic number 18 an asset that is not consumer or sold during the normal course of business, these argon land, buildings, equipment, machinery, vehicles etc. These assets are very hard to convert into cash as it takes time to sell, Tesco would use these assets to fund future operations.Current assetsCurrent assets are a key monetary source to Tescos business. Current assets are cash and other things such as inventory that can be converted into cash easily. An asset that provide be in use for less than a year is a authorized asset as they transfer into money once sold. Tescos crinkle in their stores is a current asset as they transfer into money once sold. An essential thing for Tesco to ensure is to ensure that their assets arent lower than their current liabilities (debt) as this may force Tesco to close as they want to be able to pay off their debts.Working capitalWorking capital can be both a good and a bad thing, this forget depend on the debt a comp all has in this case Tesco. Tesco are a massive company so they will have a lot of working capital, this will ensure Tesco grow as they can expand their brand. Companies equal new starts will have finances to expand and grow their business. In 2014 Tescos working capital reduced massively by over ccc million this will have an affect on their company in 2015.In this task I am going to write about what internal and external sources of finance are available to Tesco. Internal sources are funds that come fromwithin the business. An example of an internal source is profits. They can be used to expand a business. Another way is to s ell assets that the company dont use to free up capital. External sources are found outback(a) the business. An example of an external source would be a bank kick ining company money. External sources of finance (Tesco)InvestmentsAn investment is when a person or persons invest their let money into a business, hoping to make a profit on their investment into the organisation. Tesco rely massively on investments just like any organisation. Tescos share prices depend on just how much is being invested into the company, and over the past year their share prices have dropped as the amount being invested has decreased. warren Buffet who is an American billionaire, who made his fortune by investing said that Investing in Tesco was a big mistake.Ordinary sharesOrdinary shares, are shares within an organisation that any member o the oublic can buy. Tescos shares are currently selling for about 189.75p , with Tesco buying the shares back at around 190.05p, since the horse meat scandal, shares have decreased rapidly. Since November 2013 Tescos shares have declined drastically. Tesco are unable to buy back the shares at a price high full to push customers to sell back, as the customers wouldnt be making enough profit.CorporationsAs Tesco are a corporation they can part-take in all the activities any corporation are involved in such as hiring new staff, sue other companies, be sued by other companies and also own their own assets. An asset that Tesco own is their very own oil plant in AmericaInstitutionsAn institution of Tesco would be their bank. The institutions are companies that work with Tesco and that Tesco own. Any money that Tesco stimulate from the customers and clients of their bank, gets directly put in the profits.The money they make from the institutions gets invested directly back into TescoBusiness angelsBusiness angels are people who look to invest into new or successful businesses to try to make a profit. For Tesco business angels wouldve invented at the start of the companies journey in 1919. Business angels usually invest in companies around their shell so they can check up on their investments.Government GrantsTesco are Britains biggest supermarket and due to this they employ thousands. The government can give Tesco grants and money to invest back into Tesco. The government will benefit because if Tesco invest the money wisely they will have a successful year therefore the government will receive more tax. An example of Tesco receiving a government grant was in 2009 when they received 5 million to open a new store in Glasgow.HPHire purchase is when a company or person lends out goods to companies for a short period of time, with added interest. Tesco could benefit if they were the company as they would lend out equipment, machinery, property and vehicles, as they would gain interest and also regain some of their investment into the fruit.Suppliers creditSuppliers credit is when a supplier offers the buyer the product t hey want on credit. This is like getting a loan of sorts as Tesco can pay at a later date. This benefits Tesco as they can order as much stock as they need even if they havent got the finances at that time.Sale and lease backThis is when Tesco sells something to a buyer such as equipment,machinery etc and the buyer leases the product back to Tesco immediately. This benefits Tesco as they can use the product without being tied down to the productfinancially. To Tesco there is some tax benefits to leasing the product rather than actually owning the product. Tesco can sell the products and lease them back for a long period of time.

Estimating Informal settlers in the Philippines Essay

In the caparison Backlog Study commissioned by the HUDCC, the Consultants prepared the estimates of internal Settlers in the Philippines. According to the Spatial Statistics of Informal Settlers in the Philippines component of the Study, light settler families reached an estimated 550,771 households as of August 1, 2007. This is based on the extrapolation made using the 2000 enumerate of Population and Housing (CPH) and the 2007 Census of Population. The itemise showed that the highest concentration of cozy settlers was in Quezon City, having more than 90 thousand households. Far second are Rizal in Calabarzon and Davao City in the Davao Region, both with more than 20 thousand households in the informal settler sector. flurry 1. Results of the Mapping of Informal Settlers in the PhilippinesIt should be noted that for this specific analyse, Informal Settlers are defined as those households1 whose tenure status is rent-free without accept of possesser. The 2000 Census of Popu lation and Housing (CPH) data provides statistics on households with tenure of lot, rent-free without consent of owner which were and then classified as informal settlers. However, the 2007 Census of Population did not include the lodgement aspect, hence the study used the characteristic observed in CPH 2000 to project the numbers for 2007. The HUDCC then compared the result of the Study with the Survey on Informal Settlers in Metro Manila conducted by the NHA in 2007. In Table 2, the NHA identified 544,609 informal settler families in Metro Manila, while the NS0-CPH figures account for only 199,398 informal settler families.1Household- a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit and have acommon arrangement in the preparation and consumption of food.Page 1 of 6Table 2. semblance of Estimated Number of Informal Settlers in Metro Manila, 2007The discrepancy between the Census-derived figures and the data from NHA can be explained by the different definitions and methodo logies adopted by the NSO and the NHA. DEFINING AND IDENTIFYING wanton SETTLERSThe National Census Office has defined Informal Settlers as households occupying a lot rent-free without the consent of the owner. In Census questionnaires on upgrade Status of the Lot, the respondent is asked, Do you own or amortize this lot occupied by your household, do you rent it, or do you occupy it rent-free with consent of owner or rent-free without consent of the owner?Moreover, the Census questionnaires to a fault generate data on type of building or house, grammatical construction materials of the roof, construction materials of the outer walls, state of repair of building/house, year building/house was built, floor area of the housing unit, tenure status of the lot . During Census of Population and Housing held every ten years, additional questions are asked from a 20 percent sample on the following fuel for lighting, fuel for cooking, extension of water supply for drinking and/or cooking, source of water for laundry and/or bathing, tenure status of the housing unit, acquisition of the housing unit, source of financing, periodic rental of the housing unit, usual manner of garbage disposal, kind of toilet/facility, land ownership.Page 2 of 6The National Housing Authority and topical anaesthetic Government Units, on the other hand, must follow the multi-faceted approach provided in RA 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 or UDHA in diagnoseing homelessand underprivileged citizens or more broadly, informal settlers.UDHA does not use the term informal settlers nor squatters but adopts the term homeless and underprivileged citizens 2 . At the same time, the law mandates LGUs to undertake a Registration3 of Socialized Housing Beneficiaries, subject to eligibility criteria4. Special considerations are excessively provided for persons and entities who may be subject to eviction and demolition5 especially those occupying risk areas and other public place s, or areas affected by organization infrastructure projects, and in lands when thither is a court order for eviction and demolition.Moreover, UDHA also distinguishes electric potential housing beneficiaries from professional squatters and squatting syndicates ( subsection 27) and new squatters (Section 44) who occupy the area after March 31, 1992.The identification of homeless and underprivileged/socialised housing benefactive role or more broadly informal settlers in UDHA must take the following into consideration several aspectslocation in urban and urbanizable areasfamily incomenon-ownership of housing facilities elsewhere in the Philippines line of bestow in makeshift dwelling unitssecurity of tenurelocation of dwelling (danger areas, public spaces, government infrastructure projects, private land)not a member of a squatting syndicatenot a professional squatter the business of squatter housing for profit or gain occupancy of the land before March 31, 1992To this end, the L GUs and the NHA conduct censuses on specific areas that involve physical survey of the area, tagging of every structure, part and household listing, ownership of structure, tenure arrangements (rental, share-out arrangements, absentee holdings), as well family composition, source of income, education. Censuses of informal settlers identify all households and even families, as well as structure owners, tenants, sharers, and other occupants, especially if the area forget be cleared of structures for infrastructure development for safety considerations in danger areas, or due to court orders.However, only a handful of LGUs conduct steadfast censuses of informal settlers and report their findings to HUDCC.2Section 3. t.Underprivileged and homeless citizens refers to the beneficiaries of this Act and to individuals or families residing in urban and urbanizable areas whose income or combined household income falls within the poverty threshold as defined by the National Economic and De velopment Authority and who do not own housing facilities. This shall include those who consist in makeshift dwelling units and do not enjoy security of tenure 3Section 17 Registration of Socialized Housing Beneficiaries The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council, in coordination with the topical anaesthetic government units, shall design a system for the registration of qualified Program beneficiaries in accordance with the Framework. The local government units, within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, shall identify and register all beneficiaries their respective localities.4Sec. 16. Eligibility Criteria for Socialized Housing Program Beneficiaries To qualify for the socialized housing program, a beneficiary a.Must be a Filipino b. Must be an underprivileged and homeless citizen, as defined in Section 3 of this Act c. Must not own any real property whether in the urban or rural areas and d.Must not be a professional squatter or a member of squatting sy ndicate5Section 28. Eviction and Demolition Eviction or demolition as a practice shall be discouraged. Eviction or demolition, however, may be allowed under the following situationsa. When persons or entities occupy danger areas such as esteros, railroad track tracks, garbage dumps, riverbanks, shorelines, waterways, and other public places such as sidewalks, roads, parks, and playgrounds b. When government infrastructure projects with available funding are about to be implemented or c. When thither is a court order for eviction and demolition.Page 3 of 6It is in this regard that there is a need to improve the data ingathering techniques for informal settlers in the Philippines.IMPROVING DATA COLLECTION FOR INFORMAL SETTLERSFaced with the challenges of coming up with realistic and systematic information of informal settlers, the HUDCC has taken the put up in several initiatives Defining informal settlers and designing data collection schemes The HUDCC proposed defining the term i nformal settlers as those households living in i)lot without consent of the property ownerii)danger areasiii)areas for government infrastructure projectsiv)protected/forest areas (except for indigenous people)v)Areas for Priority Development (APDs), if applicable andvi)other government/public lands or facilities not intended for habitation.The definition is based on the UDHA provision of households that lead be affected by eviction and demolition namely those in danger areas such as river/waterways, railroad tracks, dumpsites those in government lands, and those in private lands. The definition thus focuses on the spatial nature of macrocosm distribution of informal settlers. This definition also reflects the in operation(p) requirements for clearing of danger areas and those areas affected by government projects which targets all households, regardless of income or even tenure status. In this regard, mapping of such sites to guide the NSO will be crucial.Operationally the HUDCC has made arrangements with the National Statistics Office and the National Statistical Coordination Board through the Technical Committee on Population and Housing Statistics (TCPHS) that this definition be adopted during the 2010 Census of Population. The HUDCC moved for the inclusion of the following question to be answered by the enumerator through ceremonialEncircle the actual or the nearest physical location of the housing unit of the respondent1Residential area2Along river/ creek/canal/estero/waterways3Along the railroad4Easements of road and/or highway and/or under the bridge5Inside cemetery6Areas for government infrastructure projects7Within dumpsites8Within protected areas and forest landsPage 4 of 69Within compound of government hospital, school, military camps or other public institution and facilities10Within private lands11Others, specify______________________The NSO, through Administrator Ericta considered the request of HUDCC as a conduct census activity. The HUDCC was also required to come up with maps delineating barangays boundaries, limits of danger areas, and even extent of right-of-way to guide the post-census validation. The HUDCC offered to concentrate first on Metro Manila informal settlers in coordination with Metro Manila Development Authority.To this end the HUDCC coordinated with the Metro Manila Development Authority which committed to generate maps from its member-LGUs. It should be noted that the MMDA was also engaged in its own update of the Informal Settler Families in Metro Manila and welcomed the opportunity to bridge the inconsistency between the generated ISF data of HUDCC with their own database. In this regard the HUDCC facilitated a workshop between NSO and MMDA to harmonize the data gathering system of the two agencies.The National Statistical Coordination Board, through the TCHPS took cognizance of the industrial-strength demand for population data for danger areas/zones and recommended that the HUDCC first provide an operational definition of these areas and then identify and prepare a listing of these areas by barangays. With the operational definition and listing of danger areas/zones, the HUDCC may coordinate with NSO for the generation of the population data for these areas as part of the post census activities.The Department of National defence force also supported the concern for more population data on those in danger areas/ zone, with its comments made during the Referendum among the NSCB Board Members (November 11, 2009) when it stated2. On Population count for danger areas/zoneIt may be appropriate to link this up with the work of the InteragencyCommittee on Security Sector Statistics (IACSSS). The IASCSSS may identify conflict-affected areas and study the correlation, if any, between census-generated data on population and housing with otherdemographic data, as inputs to policy and strategy formulation. This may be done as an after-census activity. Moreover, there is an ongoing ef fort to develop the hazard map of the Philippines, showing the vulnerabilities of various regions/provinces in terms of disasters, such as typhoons, earthquakes, landslides and others. Data on population and housing will be very critical in the formulation of policies and disaster management plans.Page 5 of 6DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER-AIDED SYSTEM OF socialize HOUSING BENEFICIARY REGISTRATION SYSTEM FOR LGUsSection 17 of RA 7279, Registration of Socialized Housing Beneficiaries, directs the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council, in coordination with the local government units, to design a system for the registration of qualified Program beneficiaries. The local government units, within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, shall identify and register all beneficiaries their respective localities.. To this end a simple form indicating family composition, and tenure status was designed to be filled up by the potential beneficiaries during the Registration date de signated by the LGU.More than a decade later, the Housing Backlog Study was able to generate a computer program that will assist the LGUs administer the registration. The computer program will facilitate encoding, and even gather biometric data (photos, etc.) and ease reporting requirements.The Computer-based data entry system on beneficiary listing in the CD which was tested in Taguig and Muntinlupa , in which both LGUs expressed their appreciation for the program. NEXT STEPSThe HUDCC continues to coordinate with the MMDA and the NSO with regard to the treat of the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. To date, the MMDA has been able to consolidate the reports of informal settlers in Metro Manila from 15 out of the is 17 component LGUs . Maps have been prepared inseveral municipalities.Under the new administration of Vice President Jejomar Binay, the HUDCC has refocused its housing thrusts to building new homes for the poor in partnership with NGOs like the Gawad Kalinga and Habi tat for Humanity, and to authorise LGUs to assume a bigger role in providing housing for their constituents. In this regard, the Computer-aided system developed by the SRTC could be easily mobilized.The HUDCC will also work with the NSCB and the Interagency Committee on Security Sector Statistics (IACSSS) as suggested by the DND in order to design a better data collection system. To this end, the HUDCC envisions that future population data will also have a spatial component, with mapping incorporated in the data-gathering and reporting using a GIS approach to identifying potential housing beneficiaries in the near future. CONCLUSIONThe quest to improve the database on informal settlers was the result of open dialogues and the support of the NSO, the MMDA and the NSCB. The dialogues were able to generate a definition of informal settlers that is based on location and is complementary to the needs of agencies that will address the needs of these households. As the Philippines and th e rest of the world grow more urban in nature with the attendant challenges of urban blight, overcrowding, poor quality of life , better data gather methods and baseline data will be crucial in identifying areas and sector that will need interventions. The latest computer programs should be used as tools toAnd we hope when the next Census of Population and Housing comes around in nine years, we are better equipped so that we can cover the whole Philippines .Page 6 of 6

Effects Drugs Have on Urban Communities

drawrect Did most urban communities start step up as nice as most suburban communities are today? Yes, they did. The government built subsidize housing complexes for low income households today they are called the projects or the ghetto. These communities have been chip off down over the age by vandalism, and crime, most of these criminal activities that take place in these urban communities are medicate related. plain though doses mess be bought out of any community, the urban communities are the most effected by medicine activities. Drugs are destroying the urban communities.Children can buy drugs off almost every street shoetree and most of the early days in the urban communities are or have been in jail for drug sales. drawframe Crime rates have gone up in urban communities because of drug activities. Every day an article can be read in the newspaper about crimes in urban communities. Most of these crimes are drug related. The drug dealers that are on the streets get busted for exchange drugs almost every day and charged with sale charges and self- leave charges. Police departments set up amaze operations to catch these dealers in the act.Addicts are arrested daily as well. They get caught with drugs they have purchased and receive possession charges. Drug dealers often rob each other for their supply,which results in breaking and entering charges, burglary charges, and sometimes dismantle murder charges. Addicts tend to steal and rob to support their habit and usually get caught and arrested for these crimes. Drug addicts will rob stores, strangers in the street, even family members to get money for their drugs. That is not the only crimes addict commit.While nether the influence of drugs some people commit acts they normally would not do, such as killing, stealing, or unprompted which could result in people getting hurt. They get high and do things without envisageing. With all these problems in the urban communities, it becomes difficu lt to sell property at its book value. It becomes an undesirable place to live. People who are smell for reasonable priced housing get discouraged because of the environment that surrounds these houses. Nobody wants to live in these areas with all the drug related crimes and drug activities that go on.These issues cause the property values to go down in urban communities. Below is a bar graph to show the difference in property values amidst urban communities and suburban communities. Average Property Values drawframe Even though drugs can be bought out of any community, the urban communities are the most effected by drug activities. Drugs are destroying the urban communities. Children can buy drugs off almost every street corner and most of the youth in the urban communities are or have been in jail for drug sales.I think if the public paid more attention or cared a little more about the drug related problems that are over powering our urban communities, these communities can be t aken back from the criminals that have run them down so bad that they are so obsolete in the governments eyes. indeed maybe instead of spending thousands of dollars into communities that dont really need it, that money could get get to good use in an urban community that really needs improvement. Hernandez, R. (2010). VCStar. com. Scripps Interactive Newspapers Group. Retrieved from http//www. cstar. com/news/2010/feb/09/suspect-went-on-drug-related-crime-spree-tells/ Jonathan Butler. (2004). BROWNSTONER. Retrieved from http//www,brownstoner. com content Drug Intelligence Center. (January 1, 2006. ). National Drug Intelligence Center. Retrieved from http//www. justice. gov/ndic/pubs5/5140/index. htm Secretary of the Publications Board. (2010). United nations. Retrieved from http//www. un. org/esa/socdev/poverty/subpages/iyephab. htm The world posit group. (2010). Urban poverty. Retrieved from http// http//go. worldbank. org/QH7WZFCPK0

Rhodes Personal Statement Essay

Soaked in sweat, I sat deep in thought on the small mound of sand and broken rocks in northern Kenya, where 1.7 meg years ago a desperately ill Homo erectus woman had died. Her death had entranced me for years. KNM-ER 1808 had died of Hypervitaminosis A, wherein an overdose of Vitamin A causes extensive hemorrhaging throughout the underframe and excruciating pain. Yet a thick rind of sicknessd b star all over her skeletonossified blood clotstells that 1808 lived for weeks, even months, immobilized by pain and in the middle of the African bush. As illustrious in The Wisdom of the B atomic number 53s, by Walker and Shipman, that means that someone had c atomic number 18d for her, brought her water, food, and kept away predators. At 1.7 million years of age, 1808s mere pile of bones is a breathtaking, poignant glimpse of how people deplete struggled with malady over the ages. Since that moment two summers ago, Ive been fascinated by humans relationship with disease.I want to query paleopathology, the study of ancient diseases, in relation to human culture, particular(prenominal)ally sex and gender. At offset glance my schooling doesnt quite reflect my passion for paleopathology. I am practically asked how bachelors degrees in Womens Studies and Anthropology coadunate. Womens Studies and my related community service fall in honed my uninflected skills, led me to the idea of studying sex and gender in relation to disease, and given my life and puzzle out on a social conscience. I had participated in activism before college, yet my under graduate experiences radically altered how I viewed the world and its potential for social change. Travel, conversation partnering, activism, and classes in Anthropology, African American, and Womens Studies taught me to think vitally closely human culture and behavior. Meanwhile, gender-equity organizing and assaults in the local community showed me the need for activism against sexual assault.Ive focused on preventi on, fueled by a strong personal need to make the world a little painful place. Most inspiring was organizing the Outrage Rally against Sexual Assault, which attempted to raise awareness more(prenominal) or less and de-stigmatize assault in response to a series of assaults on the Mythic University campus. This rally had a haughty impact in empowering survivors, evidenced by subsequent increased reporting of assault rates. Organizing has also taught me triple-crown leadership and team fit skills, applicable to academic and social settings.Ive learned the subtleties of integrating multiple perspectives into a shared vision and a success through networking with University administrators, Police Departments, nationally recognized activists, Congress persons, fellow scholars, and the oecumenical public.As head organizer for Mythic Universitys 20xx Take Back the Night, attended by more than 500 people, I headed a seven-committee, twenty-person organizing team. In addition to recogn ition, as with the 20xx Service AwardMythic Universitys highest undergraduate award for good citizenry and academicsorganizing has honed my critical thinking skills and prepared me for performing innovative and multidisciplinary graduate research. I want to study the relationship between human pathology and culture, looking specifically at disease in the context of sex and gender in non-modern European These pages were downloaded from Writing own(prenominal) avouchments Online, visible(prenominal) at https//www.e-education.psu.edu/writingpersonalstatementsonline/populations. My field of busy is new in paleopathology, so I will integrate paleoepidemiology and paleodemographythe studies of ancient disease processes and population dynamicswith gender and cultural studies and European history, contextualizing disease historically and culturally. My goal is to look at what health and disease can tell us macrocosmically and individually about social and sexual inequity, socioeconomic class, and gender-related quality of life.Research experiences, such as working as a research assistant in a craniofacial morphometrics lab, studying skulls, and doing field work in Pennsylvania, Kenya, the Orkney Islands, West Virginia, and South Dakota, ask prepared me tumefy for graduate school. Ive conducted ethnographic, paleontological, demographic, archaeological, cultural, and osteological research. I am currently co-authoring an article on the implications of Foragers mating and hymeneals practices for sociobiological theory, while working on a research paper on craniofacial morphology in Medieval Denmark. I also completed a senior thesis on Amerindian womens culturally influenced reproductive health issues. With confidence, I want to proceed with graduate work at Oxford to gain a higher degree and greater research opportunities in the midst of British culture. My work this year at the SmithsonianInstitutes National Museum of Natural History has galvanized and confirmed my devotion to paleopathology.An anthropological fantasy cognise I am surrounded by invaluable research opportunities and constant, stimulating dialogue with future colleagues, and spacious and exotic order of battles including cave bear skulls, dinosaurs, and the renowned Terry skeletal Collection. Volunteer work cataloguing the Bab edh-Dra skeletal collection and independent research exploring metabolic diseases effects on the skull using CT imaging technology have taught me the reality of professional research. Concurrently, this year has allowed me to further realize my personal interests. I practice fine arts, register extensively, love to travel, and have a whirlwind tour of Western Europe planned for December.I am hiking and pack on the Appalachian Trail, playing rugby, running, and I am training my four-year-old horse for jumping and cross-country equitation and competitions. I believe that my personal interests, experiences, and social conscience would contribute as mu ch as my research skills to Oxfords social and intellectual culture. Oxford offers me an opportunity to pursue a Masters in European Archaeology while taking supplementary courses in pathology, anatomy, modern European History, and social and cultural anthropology.Equally, I could have research guidance from staff in Biological Anthropology and the Human Sciences program, where human culture, biology, and behavior in response to disease are being actively studied. At Oxford, I could nurture and share a unique set of social experiences, nurture and search my research interests, and contribute an innovative, informative, and multidisciplinary new approach to my field. Ensconcing myself in British culture, intellectual environment, and vigorous research at Oxford is the chance of a lifetime. I hope to be able to seize it.These pages were downloaded from Writing Personal Statements Online, available at https//www.e-education.psu.edu/writingpersonalstatementsonline/Sample Rhodes Scholar ship Personal StatementStudent 2Personal Statement by Janet Lerner for the Rhodes Scholarship I have found my mentor, and Id like to tell you who it is and how this has come about. I have not yet met him face-to-face, but he has already taught me how to beginthis essay with his words. Professor Anthony D. Nuttall, writing in his book Openings, tells us, All good openings are somehow naturally rooted, more or less remote, of an original creative act in medias res, as against In the beginning. Nuttall describes the importance of an opening by demonstrating the difference between the actual opening lines and the first sense of action, which will become the plot. The original creative act to which he refers applies as well to preadolescent scholars. I recognize now that I am in the process of becoming the scholar I will always be becoming.This process currently involves research that is the basis for my senior honors thesis examine two British poets incorporation of classical Greek an d roman letters mythology into their poetry. I have begun studying Geoffrey Chaucer and Alfred manufacturer Tennyson, both of whom make active use of myth in their works. The philosophy of intertextuality, a specific interest of Professor Nuttalls, is apparent in his research on the influence of Roman and Greek classics on British poets, the actually topic I have chosen for my honors thesis. While I am learning from reading material Professor Nuttalls books, specifically his A Common Sky Philosophy and the Literary Imagination, the opportunity to work with him would inspire me to pursue further research in this field and enrich my understanding of literature and its critical theories.My interest in British poets and their use of classical literature evolves from a paper I presented at the 20xx Novus Et Antiquus Conference. I had the privilege of being selected as one of five undergraduates to attend this faculty conference, where I presented my work on classical mythologys influ ence on the gothic author Geoffrey Chaucers poems The Knights Tale and The Parliament of Fowls. There Chaucer uses the Roman gods and goddesses to orchestrate the fates of the two female characters. Through the intervention of these deities, Chaucer shows leniency for women and grants mercy to both females. My experience as a college junior presenting a paper at a faculty conference proved gratifying on another level as well I was pleased to receive guidance from the professors, and also to be complimented on my pronunciation of Middle English quotations.I came to Chaucer only after reading Chrtien de Troyes Lancelot. In thisArthurian romance, Chrtien represents Lancelot as conflictedthe kind of chivalrous knight whom one expects to find only in myth, yet, in violation of the code of honor, desirous of his lords queen. I began thinking of the tales of the Arthurian knights as more than legendaryas potentially credible historical accounts. I wrote a paper on Gawains rhetoric as a m eans to elicit specific responses in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Gawains rhetorical strategies and their manipulations ultimately led him to a These pages were downloaded from Writing Personal Statements Online, available at https//www.e-education.psu.edu/writingpersonalstatementsonline/deeper personal recognition and self-acceptance.This early exercise alerted me to strategies of language in the Middle Ages.A post-graduate education at Oxford based on personal tutorials and independent research is precisely the type of program I now need to pursue. Through several independent study courses in my undergraduate curriculum, I have become even more self-motivated and have been gratified to discover that discussion between teacher and student has helped me develop my best work.Professor Nuttall is a Fellow of Oxfords New College, the ideal place to proceed my studies in medieval literature because it was built at the height of the medieval period, the era on which I plan to focus in my graduate study. I was pleased to discover that New College is also one of only four colleges that participate in the Oxford Access Scheme, a program that reaches out to inner-city students and encourages them to seek a higher education. This program provides all students with an equal opportunity to apply to a university as prestigious as Oxford. In participating in this program, New College seeks qualified students who may not have the socio-economic ability or confidence to apply to and attend Oxford. I would like to become involved in this program because I have worked with students in similar situations from the Boys and Girls Club near my hometown, and have found supporting these students to be very rewarding.My reasons for applying for a Rhodes Scholarship to work with Professor Nuttall have roots in a study I undertook in 20xx. While reading Shakespeares The Tempest, I found a single line in which the allegorical unicorn becomes a link betweenthe medieval era and the Re naissance. I became interested in the villain Sebastians professed disbelief in the unicorn, that imaginary animal symbolic of Jesus Christ in medieval bestiaries. My research on the historical symbolism of the unicorn in medieval literature led me to conclude that in rejecting the unicorn, Sebastian implies that he also rejects Christianity.An interesting aspect of The Tempest that I have not yet pursued is the masque, in which the Roman goddesses Iris, Ceres, and Juno descend upon the island in preparation for Miranda and Ferdinands wedding. My earlier interest in Shakespeares use of the allegorical unicorn will create a focus for study when combined with the masque of the Roman goddesses in The Tempest. Shakespeares integration of Christianity and classical mythology is yet another area I would like to explore with Professor Nuttall, for not only has he published on philosophy he has also indite Two Concepts of Allegory A Study of Shakespeares The Tempest and the Logic of Alle gorical Expression.The adventure of Sir Gawainwhich leads him to a deeper understanding of selfis not unlike the journey I have undertaken, a journey I hope will lead me to Oxford University, its Bodleian Library, and study with Anthony Nuttall and other mentors. Oxford will provide me the opportunity to learn now from authorities in my field who will help guide me in my quest to become a scholar. Like Gawain, I am striving to realize my potential through my own adventure.These pages were downloaded from Writing Personal Statements Online, available at https//www.e-education.psu.edu/writingpersonalstatementsonline/

External analysis soffee culture Essay

1.0 Introduction For an organization to survive and grow, they moldiness nonplus well-knit build strategy. schema is defined as a tool to assist organizations to make its persistent-term goals Hubbard, sift & Beamish (2010). These goals ar the prime reason for an organization to exist and strategies are real to achieve these goals.Fig. 1.1- ESC bewilder for strategy partmentHubbard, Pocknee and Taylors (1996), explains the strategy making process via ESC model. Fig 1.1 shows the ESC (Environment, Strategy & Capabilities) model to describe the strategy making process for an organization. Strategies are made elapseing a spot of factors in consideration. Environment stands for big and industry based environment and factors that effect the operation of an organization. Environment is discussed much in detail in later ruin of this report. Business strategies are made considering the interest of stakeholders, social clubs mission and value statement and values of the organ izations. Capabilities for an organization are their resources, staff, economy of working and systems ready(prenominal) for an organization to work in.This section is also discussed in details in this report. Also, to make effective strategies companies submit to generate and gather information, analyze that information, process and implement those chosen strategies. Hubbard, Rice & Beamish (2010) explains that final part of strategy implementation is to review and monitor the strategies to find the gaps in results and fill those gaps accordingly to improve partnership performance. 2.0. Macro Environment AnalysisHubbard, Rice, Beamish (2010), explains that all the factors outside the organization that effect the business are studied under external environment analysis. These factors effect the strategy formulations, vision and mission planning and approaching organizational business. Environment analysis comprisesof two major elements i.e. Macro environment analysis and Industry environment. Macro environment includes all the broad forces that surround and effect the organization and are as delineates-2.1 frugal holding- Economic symmetry of an organization is the overall financial condition of the economy where organization is operating. Most distinguished economic factors for an organization is GDP, inflation evidence, exchange rates, taxation rates and wages rates. These factors define the economic dimension of an organization. cause Starbucks business in US during Global Financial CrisisDuring GFC, Starbucks was forced to pay more for its resources and to round top these additional expenses company was forced to increase its product prices. But with the rise in interest rates and less borrowing/spending power of customers in the market, Starbucks had no option other(a) than bearing the be itself without increasing the prices. This additional burden forced Starbucks to close 600 stores in July 2008 (page 151, Howard Schultz, 2011). This exam ple clearly explains the effect of Economic conditions on an organization when low purchasing power of customers lead to less demand and its effect on an organization.2.2 Political/Legal Dimension This refers to the government regulations of business and its ecumenical effect, relationship with it. Its important for an organization as it defines what the organization give the gate do and what they washstandnot. Customs, policies, regulations of a fussy country affects the business of a international organization.2.3 proficient Dimension This factor defines the resources useable to operate its business in a country. It defined how an organization faeces convert its resources into products and services. Technology is applied with the discretion of the organization but its avail readiness and form depends on the general environment.2.4 Socio cultural Socio cultural dimensions include the nicety, socialeffect and trends, customs, values and demographic patterns and trends in a particular demographic area. This includes the patterns people are used to and defined the future for the company with respect to its products. instance Starbucks in planning to expand its business in Asian countries and is planning to change 5000 year old tea-drinking culture into cocoa culture (Ed Liston, 2011). Asian countries corroborate a strong culture of consuming tea and have significant medicinal beliefs as well. Starbucks is planning to expand its business in these countries broadcastly challenging the socio cultural dimension (page 296-305, Howard Schultz, 2011). This strategy can have mixed effects on the business. Its a direct competition between old traditional beliefs and habits v/s young coffee drinking generation. there are no significant results available on the military issue, but will be an interesting topic to work. This strategy can affect Starbucks business dramatically.2.5 Sustainability Its a bare-ass trend mostly glaring in developed countries to develop sustainable business practices to address environmental issues. Companies are expected to follow guidelines, to develop their sustainable image. This includes fair work practices, focus towards general environmental damages, deforestation, ecological concerns etc. framework Starbucks fostering SustainabilityStarbucks tag their stores as green and try to design the stores with recyclable products, reused cabinets, natural colors, and efficient lights. telephoners agricultural methods are organic, using no petrochemical based fertilizers and insecticides, and they are beneficial to the environment and weewee (page 317-321, Howard Schultz, 2011). Starbucks also offers 10% discount if customers bring their own coffee mugs (page 161-165, Howard Schultz, 2011). Starbucks has been busy promoting their environment involvement by developing new environmental strategies and by minimizing their carbon footprint (Starbucks Website).3.0 Industry Analysis/ door guards five forces Analy sis Fig. 1.3 doormans Five Forces ModelIndustry analysis is used to curb the factors that influence the profitability of an organization. As shown in fig 1.3, industry analysis consists of five main forces. Porter (2008) describes these forces as the main drivers of profitability for an organization Fig 1.3.3.1 Competitors/ Threat of new entrants For an organization, competitors are those individuals or groups that can disgrace the revenue or can share the revenue. New or existing organizations that compete for their business, endurance and growth are termed as competitors. It can be from existing market players or new entrants to the market. broadly organizations compete for customers, revenue but competition can also be for the resources as labor/staff, new technology or patents to ensure future revenue growth.3.2 Suppliers In a producing industry, suppliers play an important intention by providing resources to an industry to offer services/products to the customers. This depends on the industry-supplier relationship. If suppliers are strong, they can offer resources at a higher price to get the profit share in the organization and vice versa. Thus, in a industry its very important to have consistent and reliable suppliers.Example Starbucks coffee bean suppliersStarbuck buys its coffee from East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Starbucks has its approved suppliers list and to be part of that list, suppliers have to support a series of tests and pass some checklists. Once Starbucks approves their supplier, the company helps the suppliers to grow coffee sustainably (page 317-318, Howard Schultz, 2011). Starbucks helps their suppliers by providing knowl progress, help, cash and trainings. This helps to develop the strong relationship with the suppliers and also ensures the fiber of the harvest. Thus in this case both suppliers and the industry are in win-win situation.3.3 Bargaining power of buyers Porter (2008) explain s that if the buying power of buyer is strong, that implies that the buyer has more options to choose from and the industry has more competition.3.4 Substitutes Porter (2008) explains that if the products/services of different business or company can satisfy the needs of the customers,depicts that there is a substitute available to the customers. It leads to the competition in terms of price, quality and added values to the products.3.5 Industry Rivalry In a traditional economic model, if there is rivalry among the organizations in the industry, then it drives profits to zero. But there is not holy competition and in this case companies lucubrate to take competitive edge over other companies. A firm can switch costs, reduce product cost, increase add on values, offer better customers service to gain the competitive edge.Example Starbucks competitive edgeStarbucks markets their sustainable and green approach towards environment (page 147-148 & 317-318, Howard Schultz, 2011). In this modern era, with more amend groups emerging, Starbucks is attracting more educated customers. With its initiative towards green earth and working for environmental issues, customers are supporting the fault and thus Starbucks is earning reputation and revenues. The above-mentioned example is in relation with Philip Kotlers (2001), strategy of Marketing and is proving worth full for Starbucks.4.0 Resources, Capabilities and Creation Of ValuesFig. 1.4- Resource, Capabilities and Creation of ValueAccording to resource-based view to develop the competitive gain over other companies, organization moldiness have resources and capabilities that arethe best in the market. In fig. 1.4, Hubbard, Rice & Beamish (2010), explains that foran organizations there are four necessary conditions to pioneer the market. These conditions are outlined as below 4.1 Resources Resources are the main factor that decides the organizations future. Hubbard, Rice & Beamish (2010), have used VRIO/VRINE model to describe these resources better and resources must be Valuable Organization should monitor the market and its customers carefully and must have the resources to deliver the value to the customer. Customer needs are volatile in nature and keep changing, thus organizations must enhance and upgrade their resources according to the demand.Rare Resources of an organization should be rare and secure to imitate by the competitors. These rare resources provide a competitive edge to the organization and must be scarce to some degree of demand in the market.Inimitable Resources should not be easily inimitable, and should be sophisticated to imitate. Its hard to keep inimitable resources in technological sector as long as the technology is a patent.Non-Substitutable Resources should be non substitutable, i.e. there cannot be any substitute to the particular resource. organize Resources of an organization should be arranged and organized according to their requirement. They shoul d be readily available when and where required and should be properly deployed as per requirement to deliver the best quality to the customers.Exploitable Resources should be readily accessible and available to different sectors across the organization to transform them to add value to the customers.Capabilities Capabilities stand for the organizations ability to convert the available resources to customer value. Its the ability of an organization to utilize its resources in an efficient manner. Organizations should have dynamic capabilities so that they can manage their knowledge, learn from them and also brings out new innovations as per requirement.Example Starbucks Logistics Chain As mentioned above Starbucks gets its coffee beans from East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Different regions constringe in different blend of coffee. A perfect coffee is not just a hit origin, but is a mix of different beans. Starbucks has the capability to gather b eans from different regions and make a perfect blend to deliver across all its stores worldwide. Its not easy to document this capability and thus not easily imitable. This is a competitive edge that Starbuck has over its competitors to pick, mix and deliver the beans faster than any other competitor in the market.Organizations should monitor and review their operations to check the purpose of the operation. Capabilities should be valuable to the customers, they should be rare, and difficult to imitate by competitors, specific to the organization and should be better than the competitors in the market. In order to manage the capabilities organizations should exercise their capabilities across their business.These above discussed conditions should work in closely coordinated manner to develop a competitive edge over its customers and should bring better value for the customers. For example Starbucks have strong inbound logistics that in relation to Porters value creating activity is a competitive edge to create customer value.5.0 Bibliography Hubbard, Pocknee and Taylors (1996), Practical Australian Strategy, Ch. 5, Prentice Hall Australia, Sydney.Hubbard, G. & Beamish, P. (2011). Strategic circumspection Thinking, analysisand action, 4th ed., Pearson teaching method Australia.Hubbard, Rice, & Beamish, (2011), Strategic Management Thinking, Analysis and Action, 4th ed., Pearson Education, Australia.Michael E. Porter (2008), The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, p.86-104, Harvard Business Publication, Boston, USA.Ed Liston (2011), What is more popular coffee bean or Tea, Blog on www. Stockriters. Com, Viewed on 05th Jan12.Kotler Philip (2001), A Framework for Marketing Management, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1997, Pearson Education Company, New Jersey, USA.Starbucks website viewed on 4th Jan12, http//www.environmentalgraffiti.com/business/news-starbucks-contribution-sustainability.Howard Schultz & Joanne Gordon (2011), Onwards Ho w Starbucks Fought for its life without losing its soul, John Willey & Sons, United Kingdom.