Nixon and the Fabled Silent Majority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nixon and the Fabled Silent Majority - Essay Example Mason argues that Nixon, "[...] owed his election to the votes of a minority rallied in opposition to the mistakes of the Democrats rather than in support of his promise" (37). The myth of the silent majority would pervade history and haunt Nixon in the coming years of his presidency. The search for a majority would permeate the White House debate during the Nixon presidency. Patrick Buchanan, a conservative Nixon speechwriter, "[...] had a burning interest in the identification of a new majority and regularly wrote political analyses for Nixon with speculation about how to win this electoral goal" (Mason 39). However, Nixon rarely ventured outside his small group of inner circle advisors for political advice and most of his ideas were generated by a relatively small number of close aides (Mason 40). Nixon was also politically isolated by the reality of both houses of Congress being in the hands of the opposition. He attempted to reduce the tension between the houses of Congress and his administration by appointing Bryce Harlow as congressional-relations chief. Though this seemed to demonstrate Nixon's desire to develop a closer relationship with a broader base, it was met with some hostility from the Democrats. Nixon would blame the obstructionist Democrats for the administration's failures but Mason observes that "[...] the failure was more significantly linked with Nixon's personal shortcomings" (40). Nixon had included few experienced political people in his administration and most Congressmen dismissed his aides as newly arrived novices. Nixon's career had likewise been short of national legislation experience. Mason argues that "Especially at a time of divided government, these shortcomings had very significant implications" (40). Nixon had neither a majority nor a mechani sm to gain one. Rather than cultivating majority support in Congress or the public, Nixon became self-obsessed with his own image. He discounted the importance of the legislature and believed, as he used to say, "The President is the government" (qtd. in Mason 41). This would further alienate even Republican members of Congress. Rather than having a silent majority, he was creating a non-existent myth of support that did not exist. New Yorker writer Pete Hamill noticed the first rumblings of a 'silent majority' in 1969. He wrote, "The working-class white man, is actually in revolt against taxes, joyless work, the double standards and short memories of professional politicians, hypocrisy and what he considers the debasement of the American dream" (qtd. in Mason 46). These feelings resonated racist attitudes among those that felt they were too wealthy for welfare and too poor to be mainstream America. This group of white, working, poor would become the base of George Wallace's campaign. Nixon attempted to captivate this audience as his own by sending a softer message that speechwriter Tom Huston called, "[...] a rhetoric which communicates concern for the legitimate claims of this class, yet avoids any incitement to the baser instincts of man afraid" (qtd. in Mason 47). There may have been a substantial silent Republican constituency, but it was not Nixon's and it was not a majority. Nixon's tactic of using racial divide to generate electoral popularity has been called "disturbing" (Mason 49). His other efforts at capturing the electorate that spread to the issues of law and

Donald Judd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Donald Judd - Research Paper Example remember Judd for his contribution to a form of art known as Minimalist art, architecture, his influence in modern sculpture, and many other artistic forms. Below, we explore the various forms of art that made Judd popular and have his name to be top on the list of the most influential artists. Artists and people remember Judd for using a collection of three forms: boxes, stacks, and progression that he applied throughout the thirty years of his career in art. When he began his work and practice in art, in the 1940s, his sculptural objects predominantly took the arrangement of shallow reliefs. The same concepts became evident in his work, as the artist employed commercial fabricators to get the shapes that he desired. Commercial fabricators assisted him in maintaining the simple forms of boxes and stacks, which he would often set according to sequential or repeated progressions. Judd’s idea of boxes, stacks, and progression differed and still varies from most of the art that we have in the world today. Donald Judd named his three dimensional art specific. While other forms of art were general, his was specific (Wintle 388). The various shows and artworks presented by Judd all through the years in which he practiced art exhibit how he used the same forms and pieces i n specific ways. His application of specific objects in his form of art led to his involvement and promotion of the minimalist art. Judd was a distinguished figure, who stood at the forefront of Minimalism – a word that he detested, during the 1960s and part of the 1970s. Minimal art refers to a school of sculpture and abstract painting where the artist keeps any form of expression to the bare minimal to give a total literal presence. Some regard minimalist art as extremely simple and deliberate lack of content to express. Although many forms of art fall into the description of minimal art, the name referred to artwork that sprung during the 1960s. During that time, some critics of art preferred

The Human Development Index (HDI) for China and India Essay

The Human Development Index (HDI) for China and India - Essay Example The four input dimension indices for calculating HDI are, therefore, the life expectancy index, mean years of schooling index, expected years of schooling index, and income index (HDRO 1). Minimum value for life expectancy is set at 20 years, 0 years for both of the education variables, and $100 for the income variable measured in per capita gross national income (GNI). General formula for calculating dimension index is: Dimension index = Actual value – Minimum value Maximum value – Minimum value The HDI is the geometric mean of the normalised indices measuring achievements in each dimension. It is calculated as HDI =  Where; Ilife – life expectancy index2 Ieducation - Education index Iincome – Income index Case study: China and India Table 1: Computed HDIs and input variables for China and India INDIA: HDI Indicators HDI Indicator Value Goalposts for HDI 2011 Dimension Indices Maximum value Minimum value Life anticipation (years) 65.4 65.9 20.0 0.716 0. 546 Schooling mean years (years)3 4.4 4.6 0 0.336 Expected years of schooling (years)4 10.3 9.8 0 0.572 Combined education index 0.978 0 0.448 GNI per capita (PPP $)5 3,468 3,435 100 0.508 CHINA: HDI Indicators Indicator Value Maximum value Minimum value Dimension Indices HDI Life anticipation (years) 73.5 83.4 20.0 0.844 0.687 Schooling Mean years (years) 7.5 13.1 0 0.573 Expected years of schooling (years) 11.6 18.0 0 0.644 Combined education index 0.978 0 0.621 GNI per capita (PPP $) 7,476 107,721 100 0.618 HDI computation process: (I) India Life Expectancy index = (65.4-20)/(83.4-20) = 0.716 Mean years of schooling index = (4.4-0)/ (13.1-0) = 0.336 Expected years of schooling index = (10.3-0)/ (18-0) = 0.572 Combined education index = (0.336*0.572) ^ (1/2)-0/ (0.978-0) = 0.448 Income index = (Ln (3,468) – Ln (100))/ (Ln (107,721) - Ln (100)) = 0.508 HDI = (0.716*0.448*0.508) ^ (1/3) = 0.546 (II) China Life Expectancy index = (73.5-20)/(83.4-20) = 0.844 Mean years of schoo ling index = (7.5-0)/ (13.1-0) = 0.573 Expected years of schooling index = (11.6-0)/ (18-0) = 0.644 Combined education index = (0.573*0.644) ^ (1/2)-0/ (0.978-0) = 0.621 Income index = (Ln (7,476) – Ln (100))/ (Ln (107,721) - Ln (100)) = 0.618 HDI = (0.844*0.621*0.618) ^ (1/3) = 0.687 Table 2: Computed and Reported HDIs for India and China HDI Comparison Country Reported 2011 Calculated India 0.547 0.546 China 0.687 0.687 Calculated HDIs for both India and China are not significantly different from the reported figures as shown in Table 2. Small difference in the case of India could have been as a result of round off effects. It is notable, however, that computed HDIs would be significantly different from reported 2011 numbers if maximum values for input variables adopted for the calculation were to be drawn from the respective larger region (continent) data or observed values (HDRO 2). Evaluation of Calculated HDIs for China and India China’s HDI of 0.687 falls under the medium human development category together with countries such as Samoa, Thailand, Viet Nam among others in East Asia. According to the 2011 Human Development Report, countries that have the highest human development achievement in this continent are Palau, Malaysia, and Tonga with HDI’s at 0.782, 0.761, and 0.704 respectively. Countries such as Solomon Islands, Papua,

How effective are the strategies to end poverty Research Paper

How effective are the strategies to end poverty - Research Paper Example Extreme poverty is characterized by having less than $1 a day income; these are those who are unceasingly hungry and do not have access to acceptable living conditions. This is often described as the type of â€Å"poverty that kills.† While moderate poverty is described as those living in $1 or $2 a day, fundamental needs are met but scarcely and through tremendous effort. And relative poverty is a family with an income that is below the average nationally but is not within the same level as those in the middle income range (Sachs, 2005). Poverty estimates published in 2008 showed that approximately 1.4 billion of the entire population which equates to 1 in 4 in developing worlds is living on an income that is not even $1.25 in a day for the year 2005. This is an improvement in comparison to 1981 wherein 1.9 billion or 1 in 2 families are living under the same circumstances. This set boundaries for poverty line is based on 2005’s mean for the about 10-20 poorest countries. And the adjusted estimate which is higher than those previously conceived for the almost one billion getting by for $1 a day based on prices in 1993. This is seen to be an improvement towards the goal of cutting the poverty in half on the base point of year 1990 by the year 2015. Yet, poverty is seen as more persistent than estimated particularly in parts of Africa and other major factor’s lack of data that greatly affects the issue (â€Å"Understanding Poverty†). There is no single thing that is attributed as the general cause of poverty. There are a number of reasons that contribute to the generalization of the reasons for poverty. One is the absence of education which eventually hinders children from being able to acquire jobs that would provide suitable living. Children are needed to help their families and therefore take any possible job to be able to provide food on their tables in a daily basis. Next is health, body decline limits the amount of work that can be

Show How Shakespeare Uses The Supernatural To Develop Macbeths Character Essay Example for Free

Show How Shakespeare Uses The Supernatural To Develop Macbeths Character Essay Shakespeare has written five tragedies, and Macbeth was his shortest. It was written between the years 1603-1606 during Elizabethan/Jacobean times which was when James I came to the throne. It was written and performed to James I as he was already James IV/V of Scotland and reputedly a descendant of Banquo; it is widely accepted that there is an element of truth in the story. At these times there was a strong belief in the supernatural and the fact that the devil was real and could come before anyone or send sub-devils instead, in the case of Macbeth it was the witches. This belief and use of dark magic in the play helps to show us key aspects of Macbeths development throughout the play. Before Macbeth even meets the witches in act 1 scene 3, we see how capable of evil they are, Weary sennights nine times nine shall he dwindle, peak and pine. They sent a storm upon a man and his whole crew when they were at sea, just because his wife refused to share her chestnuts with one of the, the witches are capable of trickery and dont tell the whole truth. When Macbeth enters the scene, he is with Banquo and they have just won in battle; we see that Macbeth is proud of victory because he didnt care that the weather is so bad So foul and fair a day I have not seen. Banquo realises that the witches are supernatural beings from the first moment and is wearier to trust them than Macbeth, What are these that do not look like thinhabitants of o th earth. Macbeth realises that this must mean they do have powers of some sort and must be able to see the future. He hears the idea of him being Thane of Cawdor and then King, and he is inclined to believe them because they knew he was Thane of Glamis. He is very easily persuaded and you can tell that the idea of being king was planted quite firmly into his mind You greet with present grace and great prediction of noble having, and royal hope. He is open to suggestion and is deeply affected. Upon hearing the prophecy, Macbeth questions the witches further, eager for more news, Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear your favours nor your hate. Hence the three witches move on to making a prophecy for Banquo, Lesser than Macbeth, and greater Banquo and Macbeth hail all. The witches have begun to play mind games with both Macbeth and Banquo because they are seemingly not making sense. After this, Macbeth begins to question the witches because it contradicts the prophecy made about him, how can Banquo father kings of he isnt one himself? Speak I charge you! but the witches vanish, leaving confusion and soon to be murder in their wake. Macbeth soon dismisses his doubts however, as the idea of so much power is so appealing to him and the suggestions of the prophecy stay with both of the men long after the witches have left Macbeth says: Your children shall be kings, and Banquo replies: You shall be king. After having heard Banquo say this, Macbeth is now certain upon which path to take. Macbeth was a proud and loyal soldier who was fond of King Duncan up until this point. Everyone did bear thy praises in his great defence, and when the messengers go on to tell him he has become thane of Cawdor, he interprets this coincidence as a supernatural confirmation. He adopts the frame of mind two down, one to go and expects more greatness to come his way, Glamis, and thane of Cawdor. The greatest is behind. In the asides he thinks of further ways to become king. He weighs up the good and evil represented by the witches prophecy because he has realised Banquo is afraid he might do something bad or scary this supernatural soliciting cannot be ill, cannot be good. The good point that came from this was that he became Thane of Cawdor but the evil over powers him and he finds himself considering murdering Duncan for the first time, Why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair. This new idea that is planted in Macbeths head is not the witches doing this time, but the creation of his own self. He has not however had murderous thoughts towards Banquo yet, presuming that he is thinking the same and wants to share this gruesome experience, Think upon what hath chancd, and at more time let us speak our free hearts each to other. The famous dagger scene (act two scene one) reveals a lot about Macbeths character and also how much he has changed due to his supernatural experiences. Before Banquo departs from Macbeth he makes it clear that he remains unaffected by the prophecy even though he has had the same experience of the supernatural as Macbeth, yet he has still managed to resist evil; But I still keep my boson franchised and allegiance clear. This suits Macbeth very well because he wanted to change the subject, I think not of them, whilst in fact he is, and didnt want Banquo to have these thoughts on his mind while the murder is being committed. Soon after the departure of Banquo, Macbeth experiences a second supernatural event, Is this a dagger I see before me? The dagger seems to be a product of Macbeths own imagination or else he may be supernaturally bewitched. He sees the dagger and wants to grab it, seeing it as signalling him towards what he is about to do, and his wanting to clutch it shows how willing he is to commit murder. Come let me clutch thee, I have thee not yet I see thee still. He becomes very open to suggestion and blames his fevered state on the sin he is about to carry out, Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible. He begins to doubt his perception of the dagger but he still tries to touch it and when he cannot, yet still can see it before him, he interprets the meaning for himself, Thou marshalst me the way I was going. Macbeth was longing for approval, and he imagines the dagger point towards Duncans room, a sign he has indeed set on the right path. He repeatedly mentions the fact that he cannot touch the dagger but he can still see it, thus it must be real. Mine eyes are made the fools o the other senses. He suddenly sees the apparition of the dagger in a different way, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Giving the impression it has been used already. It is the beginning of a very dark and powerful supernatural passage. The witches have enabled him to find a murderous streak within his own nature. At first he would never have considered murder or treachery and now hes ready to kill King Duncan in order to get to the throne. It is the middle of the night and the time is right for murder, Now oer one half world nature seems dead and wicked dreams abuse. Everything seems still and dead and spells are best cast during this time when supernatural thingas happen. It is a full moon (A.K.A witches moon in this era) and Macbeth takes it as another sign, he summons the supernatural power of witchcrafts to give himself strength and asks Hecate to grant mortals their hearts desires Witchcraft celebrates pale Hecates offerings. He hears a wolf howl and he feels that the coast is clear for murder, the wolf acts like a night watchman, Whose howls his watch. As he gets ready to set off for the murder, he longs for secrecy to hide the actions he is about to commit because he knows he is forcing the prophecy to come true by unnatural and evil means Moves like a ghost Macbeth realises he is talking and not acting he doesnt want to talk himself out of the murder because he knows at heart that he has changed so much due to this wicked prophecy. But the dagger encourages him onwards, Words to the heat of deeds too cold breath gives. He hears a bell as his last and final signal but it is like a death bell for Duncan and Macbeth doesnt care if Duncan goes to heaven or to hell, he just needs him out of the way, The bell invites me that summons thee to heaven or hell. In conclusion it could be said that Macbeths character has developed and changed dramatically through the course of the play. The supernatural encounters that he experienced show us complex aspects of Macbeths character and how he went from loyal and fond of King Duncan to murderous and a liar. Macbeth ended up dieing due to his arrogance and high ambitions and Shakespeare uses this theme to say that a small idea that gets planted into your mind can grow into something big and dangerous.

Additive Manufacturing; Stereolithography in Dentistry

Additive Manufacturing; Stereolithography in Dentistry Introduction: Digital revolution because of computers has made the previously manual tasks much easier, faster and more reliable at a reduced cost. Such modifications are always welcomed in dentistry, especially from materials and manufacturing perspective. The digital revolution in the form of dental CAD–CAM took place many years ago, since than many modified systems have appeared on the market with great rapidity. It is expected that another digital dental revolution will take over dentistry in the form of layered fabrication techniques, once they are able to produce high quality dental prostheses. This situation has also posed great challenge for the material scientists in the form of materials that are suitable for long term use in dentistry and oral environment. This can potentially take dental materials research in a totally different direction. Additive manufacturing: Dentistry is the most suited field for additive manufacturing, as it is associated with rapid production of customized units made to fit the patient with high degree of precision and accuracy. In principle it creates a series of cross-sectional slices from a 3D computer file which are then printed one on top of the other to create the 3D object without any material being wasted. Additive manufacturing technologies includes many and Stereolithography (SLA) is one of them. Stereolithography (SLA) Stereolithography (SLA) is the most widely used rapid prototyping technology. The term â€Å"Stereolithography† was first introduced in 1986 by Charles W. Hull, who defined it as a method for making solid objects by successively printing thin layers of an ultraviolet curable material, one on top of the other. Materials and Required time: A number of materials that the industry uses have increased greatly and modern machines can utilize a broad array of photo curable polymers. Timing depends on the size and number of objects being created, the laser might take a minute or two for each layer (a typical run 6 to 12 h). One can now even print 50 to 80 dental crown units in 56 minutes with high quality mode. Applications in dentistry: Dental applications are very suitable for processing by means of SLA due to their complex geometries, low volume and strong individualization. Most common are models fabricated from intraoral or impression scans. However, popularity is gaining for orthodontics and removable prosthodontics. 1. Production of anatomical models: SLA models are preferred because of higher strength, higher temperature resistance, lower moisture absorption, and lower shrinkage. They can be sterilized for surgical use, and literature has shown superior accuracy (Barker et al., 1994, Choi et al., 2002, Cunningham et al., 2005). Table-1 summarizes basic characteristics of the three most common types of 3-D models used in the United States. SLA clinical models are used as an aid to diagnosis, preoperative planning and implant design and manufacturing. Surgeons use models to help plan surgeries but prosthetists and technologists also use models as an aid to the design and manufacturing of custom-fitting implants. These models are particularly very useful for restorative rehabilitation of oral cancer patients. Medical models are frequently used to help in the construction of Cranioplasty plates. The models are effective tools to facilitate patient education and as a teaching aid for students and ju nior colleagues. 2. Manufacture of crowns and bridges, resin models: Its use is gradually being extended to include the manufacture of temporary crowns and bridges and resin working models for loss wax casting. 3. Production of removable partial denture frameworks: The removable partial denture frameworks is made using rapid prototyping, SLA technique. It was developed by 3D Systems of Valencia, CA, USA in 1986. 4. Production of individually-customized digital aligner models for orthodontic use: Whole trays of individually-customized aligner models which serve as extremely accurate base-mold tools upon which the clear aligners are then thermoformed, can be produced by this additive technique. 5. Manufacturing of scaffolds for bioengineering and nerve guide conduits: Scaffolds for bioengineering and nerve guide conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration are the newer applications of a similar process i.e. microstereolithography ( µ SLA). Future advancements: With the improvements in the speed, reliability, and accuracy of the hardware, additive manufacturing will seriously compete with traditional manufacturing in creating end-use products. Many possible biomedical engineering applications might be available in the coming years. Conclusion: It will still be many years before the machines will be able to produce work of a quality that can be achieved by the best dental technologists in the world. For the dental materials scientist these technologies will throw up a whole new way of materials processing and with it the opportunity to use a whole new range of materials. Table-1 Basic characteristics of 3 D models (Choi et al., 2002) References and further reading: Barker, T.M, Earwaker, W.J.S, Lisle D.A. (1994) Accuracy of stereolithographic models for human anatomy.Australas Radiol,38(106). Berman, B. (2012) 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution.Business horizons,55(2), 155-162. Cassetta, M., Giansanti, M., Di Mambro, A., Stefanelli, L. V. (2013) Accuracy of Positioning of Implants Inserted Using a Mucosa-Supported Stereolithographic Surgical Guide in the Edentulous Maxilla and Mandible.The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants,29(5), 1071-1078. Choi, J.Y., Choi, J.H., Kim N.K. (2002) Analysis of errors in medical rapid prototyping models.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 31(23). doi: 10.1054/ijom.2000.0135. Cunningham, L., Madsen, M., Peterson, G. (2005) Stereolithographic modeling technology applied to tumor resection.J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 63, 873–878. Gauvin, R., Chen, Y. C., Lee, J. W., Soman, P., Zorlutuna, P., Nichol, J. W., Khademhosseini, A. (2012) Microfabrication of complex porous tissue engineering scaffolds using 3D projection stereolithography.Biomaterials, 33(15), 3824-3834. Mehra, P., Miner, J., D’Innocenzo, R., Nadershah, M. (2011) Use of 3-D stereolithographic models in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery,10(1), 6-13. Melchels, F. P., Feijen, J., Grijpma, D. W. (2010) A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering.Biomaterials, 31(24), 6121-6130. Morris, L., Sokoya, M., Cunningham, L., Gal, T. J. (2013) Utility of stereolithographic models in osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the head and neck.Craniomaxillofacial trauma reconstruction,6(2), 87. Patel, M., Al-Momani, Z., Hodson, N., Nixon, P., Mitchell, D. (2013) Computerized tomography, stereolithography and dental implants in the rehabilitation of oral cancer patients.Dental update,40(7), 564-6. Tasaki, S., Kirihara, S., Soumura, T. (2011, November) Fabrication of Ceramic Dental Crowns by using Stereolithography and Powder Sintering Process. In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (Vol. 32(8), 141-146). American Ceramic Society, Inc., 735 Ceramic Place Westerville OH 43081 United States. Van Noort, R. (2012) The future of dental devices is digital.Dental Materials, 28(1), 3-12.

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Hard work is the stepping stone for success Since my childhood I used to believe in hardwork and I have been a keen observer and am well known for probing new avenues, always enthusiastic and ready with a chain of questions. Having been brought up in a strong and secure family, i have been blessed to have parents who instilled me with good values and principles. Education was always given first priority and there was no compromise for it. My parents’ support motivated me to reach my goals. Right from my school days, i always enjoy studying biology and mathametics. At the school level though exposed to only major concepts of biology, the terms like cell, genes, dna, protein intrigued me a lot. I used to question myself as to how could these molecules/components, though very small in size, could perform heavy load of work in a well -planned manner and that too within a fraction of second. From my childhood iam interested in studying biology.I love to read books on life sciences and the natural process that occur in nature ,I used to experiments in my home on seed by seeing their different stages of growth by cultivating them in sand .Throughout my school i had excelled in academics by being in top 10 of my entire class.. Also in the state level engineering entrance examination i secured 86.4%. At that time the field of biotechnology field was new to my country and made many remarkable achievements. The passion towards biological sciences made me to take btech in biotech nology in jntua collage of engineering in pulivendula which is an government university. In college i have been exposed to many fields of study like biochemistry, cell biology, micro biology, molecular biology, genetics, genetic engineering, protein engineering, enz... ...or students and also doing some research work which we will be getting from research scholars and writing articles/papers are my responsibilities During my working period I have also submitted another research paper on â€Å"Insilico assessment of factor xa inhibitors by docking studies†which is under review.Iam planning plusing more papers which are under processs. I believe that i have all the qualities of a good researcher. I learnt many things from both my victories and failures.. I can accept both criticism and praise with a positive attitude. I feel that graduate study at your university will be the most logical extension of my academic pursuits and a major step towards achieving my objectives. I would be grateful to you if i am given the opportunity to pursue my graduate studies with financial assistance at your institution and am able to justify your faith in me.